#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Fail-closed command policy for the Hermes handoff acceptance harness.

Before spawn it admits only credential-safe, structurally read-only grammar;
shell is limited to frozen templates with absolute tool paths.

Impersonation is structurally impossible: ``--as`` and its siblings are refused
for every argv, in every mode, from every vantage, and the inner command of a
``kubectl exec`` is re-checked under the same rule rather than being trusted.
Only binaries with a pinned release digest are on the allowlist, so nothing can
be admitted here that the executor would then refuse to attest.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import re
from collections.abc import Iterator
from urllib.parse import unquote

READ_ONLY = "read-only"
ARMED = "ephemeral-armed"
MODES = (READ_ONLY, ARMED)

GITEA_CLIENT = "/opt/coordinator/gitea_api.py"
EXPECTED_REPO = "atlas/titan-iac"
EXPECTED_REMOTE = "origin"
EXPECTED_BASE = "main"

# fmt: off
FORBIDDEN_ARGS = ("--as", "--as-group", "--as-uid", "--client-certificate",
                  "--client-key", "--password", "--token", "--username")
# fmt: on
IMPERSONATION_ARGS = ("--as", "--as-group", "--as-uid")
FORBIDDEN_BINARIES = frozenset(
    {"age", "curl", "gpg", "openssl", "sops", "vault", "wget"}
)
ALLOWED_BINARIES = frozenset({"kubectl", "git", "hermes", "sh", GITEA_CLIENT})
TRUSTED_EXECUTABLE_ROOTS = (
    "/bin/",
    "/usr/bin/",
    "/usr/local/bin/",
    "/opt/data/tools/bin/",
    "/opt/hermes/.venv/bin/",
    "/opt/coordinator/",
)
TRUSTED_INNER_PATHS = {
    "/bin/sh": "sh",
    "/usr/bin/git": "git",
    "/usr/bin/sh": "sh",
    "/usr/local/bin/kubectl": "kubectl",
    "/opt/hermes/.venv/bin/hermes": "hermes",
    GITEA_CLIENT: GITEA_CLIENT,
}

VALUE_FLAGS = frozenset(
    {
        "-C",
        "-c",
        "-l",
        "-n",
        "-o",
        "--cluster",
        "--container",
        "--context",
        "--field-selector",
        "--kubeconfig",
        "--namespace",
        "--output",
        "--request-timeout",
        "--selector",
        "--server",
        "--since",
        "--tail",
        "--user",
    }
)

KUBECTL_READ_SUBCOMMANDS = frozenset(
    {
        "api-resources",
        "api-versions",
        "explain",
        "get",
        "top",
        "version",
    }
)
KUBECTL_EXEC_SUBCOMMANDS = frozenset({"exec"})
KUBECTL_SUBCOMMANDS = KUBECTL_READ_SUBCOMMANDS | KUBECTL_EXEC_SUBCOMMANDS | {"auth"}
SECRET_RESOURCES = frozenset({"secret", "secrets"})
UNSAFE_PROJECTION_PARTS = (
    ".args",
    ".command",
    ".data",
    ".envfrom",
    ".secretkeyref",
    ".status.token",
    ".stringdata",
    ".valuefrom",
    "clientconfig",
    "password",
    "privatekey",
)
SAFE_ENV_VALUE = 'env[?(@.name=="hermes_auto_router_profile")].value'
SAFE_JSON_FIELDS = frozenset(["authenticated", "transport", "state", "model", "effort", "latency_ms", "checked_at", "api_provider", "auth_method", "subscription_type"])  # fmt: skip

GIT_READ_SUBCOMMANDS = frozenset(
    {
        "cat-file",
        "diff",
        "for-each-ref",
        "log",
        "ls-remote",
        "ls-tree",
        "merge-base",
        "rev-list",
        "rev-parse",
        "show",
        "status",
    }
)
GIT_FORCE_FLAGS = frozenset(
    {"-f", "--force", "--force-with-lease", "--mirror", "--all", "--tags"}
)
GIT_UNSAFE_FLAGS = (
    "-c",
    "--config-env",
    "--exec-path",
    "--upload-pack",
    "--receive-pack",
)
GITEA_READ_METHODS = frozenset({"GET"})
HERMES_READ_COMMANDS = frozenset(
    {("kanban", "list"), ("kanban", "show"), ("sessions", "list"), ("status",)}
)

# These locations contain credential bytes even when a caller claims it will
# only inspect metadata.  They are rejected for every argv, including a frozen
# shell rendering and the inner command of kubectl exec.
SECRET_PATH_RE = re.compile(
    r"(?:^|[\s'\"=])(?:/[^\s'\"]*)?(?:"
    r"var/run/secrets|run/secrets|vault/secrets|runtime-access|scm-access|pool-access|"
    r"\.credentials\.json|auth\.json|\.git-credentials|authorized_keys|"
    r"id_[a-z0-9]+|\.netrc|shadow|gshadow|k3s\.yaml"
    r")(?:$|[/\s'\"])",
    re.IGNORECASE,
)
_PARAMETER_RE = re.compile(r"[A-Za-z0-9/][A-Za-z0-9._/@:,-]{0,255}\Z")
_PLACEHOLDER_RE = re.compile(r"\{([a-z_]+)\}")
_SAFE_API_PATH_RE = re.compile(r"/[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9._~:/?&=%+-]{0,511}\Z")

SHELL_TEMPLATES: dict[str, str] = {
    "env_names": (
        "/usr/bin/env | /usr/bin/sed -n "
        "'s/^\\([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*\\)=.*/\\1/p' | /usr/bin/sort"
    ),
    "json_fields": (
        '/opt/hermes/.venv/bin/python -c "import json,sys;d=json.load(open(sys.argv[1]));'
        'print(json.dumps({{k:d.get(k) for k in sys.argv[2].split(chr(44))}}))" '
        "{path} {fields}"
    ),
    "tail_lines": "/usr/bin/tail -n {limit} {path}",
}


class PolicyError(ValueError):
    """Raised when a requested command falls outside the safe boundary."""


def template_parameters(template_name: str) -> set[str]:
    """Return the parameter names a frozen template requires."""
    template = SHELL_TEMPLATES.get(template_name)
    if template is None:
        raise PolicyError(f"unknown shell template: {template_name}")
    return set(_PLACEHOLDER_RE.findall(template))


def render_shell(template_name: str, **parameters: str) -> str:
    """Return a frozen shell template with validated parameters substituted."""
    required = template_parameters(template_name)
    if set(parameters) != required:
        raise PolicyError(
            f"shell template {template_name} expects parameters {sorted(required)}"
        )
    for key, value in parameters.items():
        if not _PARAMETER_RE.fullmatch(value):
            raise PolicyError(f"unsafe shell parameter for {template_name}.{key}")
        if SECRET_PATH_RE.search(value):
            raise PolicyError("shell templates may not name credential paths")
    if (
        template_name == "json_fields"
        and not set(parameters["fields"].split(",")) <= SAFE_JSON_FIELDS
    ):
        raise PolicyError("json_fields requested a credential-bearing or unknown field")
    return SHELL_TEMPLATES[template_name].format(**parameters)


_RENDERED: set[str] = set()
_APPROVED_PROJECTIONS: set[str] = set()
_ARMED_REF = ""
_ARMED_PULLS: set[int] = set()


# fmt: off
def arm_ephemeral_policy(ref: str) -> None:
    global _ARMED_REF
    if not re.fullmatch(r"ephemeral/hermes-handoff-acceptance/[a-z0-9][a-z0-9-]{7,63}", ref):
        raise PolicyError("armed policy requires one exact ephemeral ref")
    _ARMED_REF = ref
    _ARMED_PULLS.clear()


def register_ephemeral_pull(number: int) -> None:
    if not _ARMED_REF or isinstance(number, bool) or not isinstance(number, int) or number <= 0:
        raise PolicyError("ephemeral pull registration is malformed")
    _ARMED_PULLS.add(number)


def shell(template_name: str, **parameters: str) -> tuple[str, ...]:
    """Return a validated ``sh -c`` argv built from a frozen template."""
    script = render_shell(template_name, **parameters)
    _RENDERED.add(script)
    return ("sh", "-c", script)


def projection(value: str) -> str:
    normalized = value.lower().replace(" ", "")
    if not normalized.startswith("jsonpath=") or any(part in normalized for part in UNSAFE_PROJECTION_PARTS):
        raise PolicyError("Kubernetes projection is not credential-safe")
    if ".metadata.annotations" in normalized and not any(key in normalized for key in (
            "deployment\\.kubernetes\\.io/revision", "ai\\.bstein\\.dev/config-rev")):
        raise PolicyError("Kubernetes annotations are not on the reviewed allowlist")
    if ".metadata.labels" in normalized and "pod-template-hash" not in normalized:
        raise PolicyError("Kubernetes labels are not on the reviewed allowlist")
    if ".env" in normalized and ".value" in normalized and SAFE_ENV_VALUE not in normalized:
        raise PolicyError("Kubernetes projection may expose environment values")
    _APPROVED_PROJECTIONS.add(normalized)
    return value
# fmt: on


def positionals(argv: tuple[str, ...], start: int = 1) -> Iterator[str]:
    """Yield positional arguments, skipping flags and their values."""
    index = start
    while index < len(argv):
        item = argv[index]
        if item == "--":
            return
        if item.startswith("-"):
            index += 2 if item in VALUE_FLAGS else 1
            continue
        yield item
        index += 1


def _binary_name(value: str) -> str:
    if value == GITEA_CLIENT or (
        value.startswith("/opt/coordinator/") and value.endswith("/gitea_api.py")
    ):
        return GITEA_CLIENT
    if "/" not in value:
        return value
    mapped = TRUSTED_INNER_PATHS.get(value)
    if mapped:
        return mapped
    if "/../" in value or value.endswith("/..") or "/./" in value:
        raise PolicyError(f"executable path is not normalized: {value}")
    if not value.startswith(TRUSTED_EXECUTABLE_ROOTS):
        raise PolicyError(f"executable path is not trusted: {value}")
    return value.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]


def _reject_forbidden_arguments(argv: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
    """Refuse credential and impersonation arguments up to the ``--`` boundary.

    Everything after ``--`` is the inner command of a ``kubectl exec``, which
    :func:`_check_kubectl` submits to :func:`check_argv` again, so it is held to
    exactly this rule rather than being exempted from it.
    """
    boundary = argv.index("--") if "--" in argv else len(argv)
    for argument in argv[:boundary]:
        for forbidden in FORBIDDEN_ARGS:
            if argument == forbidden or argument.startswith(f"{forbidden}="):
                raise PolicyError(f"forbidden argument: {forbidden}")
        if argument == "--raw" or argument.startswith("--raw="):
            raise PolicyError("raw API reads are forbidden")
    for argument in argv:
        if argument == "--dry-run" or argument.startswith("--dry-run="):
            raise PolicyError("dry-run mutation commands are forbidden")


def _reject_secret_paths(argv: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
    if any(SECRET_PATH_RE.search(argument) for argument in argv):
        raise PolicyError("probes may not name a credential path")


def _resource_name(value: str) -> str:
    return value.lower().split("/", 1)[0].split(".", 1)[0]


def _output_value(argv: tuple[str, ...]) -> str:
    """Return kubectl's output argument in a single canonical form."""
    for index, item in enumerate(argv[1:], 1):
        if item in {"-o", "--output"} and index + 1 < len(argv):
            return argv[index + 1]
        if item.startswith(("-o=", "--output=")):
            return item.split("=", 1)[1]
    return ""


def _check_projection(output: str) -> None:
    """Reject full or credential-bearing Kubernetes output projections."""
    lowered = output.lower().replace(" ", "")
    if lowered in {"json", "yaml", "wide"} or lowered.startswith("custom-columns"):
        raise PolicyError(
            "full Kubernetes object output is forbidden; use a safe projection"
        )
    if lowered and not (lowered == "name" or lowered.startswith("jsonpath=")):
        raise PolicyError(
            "Kubernetes output must be name or an approved JSONPath projection"
        )
    if lowered.startswith("jsonpath="):
        if any(part in lowered for part in UNSAFE_PROJECTION_PARTS):
            raise PolicyError("Kubernetes projection may expose runtime credentials")
        if ".env" in lowered and SAFE_ENV_VALUE not in lowered:
            # Environment names are safe; arbitrary `.value` reads are not.
            without_names = lowered.replace("{.name}", "")
            if ".value" in without_names:
                raise PolicyError("Kubernetes projection may expose environment values")
        if lowered not in _APPROVED_PROJECTIONS:
            raise PolicyError(
                "Kubernetes JSONPath projection is not on the reviewed allowlist"
            )


def _check_kubectl(argv: tuple[str, ...], mode: str) -> None:
    words = list(positionals(argv))
    if not words or words[0] not in KUBECTL_SUBCOMMANDS:
        raise PolicyError("kubectl subcommand is outside the read-only boundary")
    subcommand = words[0]
    if subcommand == "auth":
        if len(words) < 2 or words[1] not in {"can-i", "whoami"}:
            raise PolicyError("kubectl auth is limited to can-i and whoami")
        return
    if subcommand == "exec":
        if "--" not in argv:
            raise PolicyError("kubectl exec requires an explicit -- command boundary")
        inner = argv[argv.index("--") + 1 :]
        if not inner:
            raise PolicyError("kubectl exec requires an inner command")
        if inner[0] not in TRUSTED_INNER_PATHS:
            raise PolicyError(
                "kubectl exec inner command must use a fixed trusted path"
            )
        check_argv(inner, mode)
        return
    resources = words[1].split(",") if len(words) > 1 else []
    if any(_resource_name(resource) in SECRET_RESOURCES for resource in resources):
        raise PolicyError("Secret objects may not be read by the harness")
    output = _output_value(argv)
    if subcommand == "get" and not output:
        raise PolicyError("kubectl get requires a reviewed output projection")
    _check_projection(output)


def _check_git(argv: tuple[str, ...], mode: str) -> None:
    unsafe = False
    for item in argv[1:]:
        if item == "-C" or item.startswith(("--git-dir", "--work-tree", "--namespace")):
            unsafe = True
        if item == "-c" or (item.startswith("-c") and len(item) > 2):
            unsafe = True
        if any(
            item == flag or item.startswith(f"{flag}=") for flag in GIT_UNSAFE_FLAGS[1:]
        ):
            unsafe = True
    if unsafe:
        raise PolicyError("git configuration and helper overrides are forbidden")
    subcommand = next(positionals(argv), None)
    if subcommand is None:
        raise PolicyError("git requires a subcommand")
    if subcommand in GIT_READ_SUBCOMMANDS:
        return
    if subcommand == "push" and mode == ARMED:
        if GIT_FORCE_FLAGS & set(argv):
            raise PolicyError("git push may not force or fan out across refs")
        words = list(positionals(argv))
        if len(words) != 3 or words[1] != EXPECTED_REMOTE:
            raise PolicyError("armed git push is pinned to origin and one refspec")
        destination = words[2].partition(":")[2]
        if not _ARMED_REF or destination != f"refs/heads/{_ARMED_REF}":
            raise PolicyError("armed git push is not the preflighted ephemeral ref")
        return
    raise PolicyError(f"git {subcommand} is not permitted in {mode} mode")


def _check_hermes(argv: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
    words = tuple(positionals(argv))
    if not words:
        raise PolicyError("hermes requires a subcommand")
    if words[:2] not in HERMES_READ_COMMANDS and words[:1] not in HERMES_READ_COMMANDS:
        raise PolicyError(
            f"hermes {' '.join(words[:2])} is outside the read-only boundary"
        )


def _reject_dot_segments(path: str) -> None:
    """Refuse any relative segment, including a percent-encoded one.

    The repository pin below is a textual prefix test, so a single ``..`` would
    let a pinned path address another repository or the token endpoints once a
    router normalised it. Decode first: ``%2e%2e`` is the same segment.
    """
    decoded = unquote(unquote(path)).split("?", 1)[0]
    if any(segment in {"", ".", ".."} for segment in decoded.split("/")[1:]):
        raise PolicyError("gitea_api.py paths may not contain relative segments")


def _check_gitea(argv: tuple[str, ...], mode: str) -> None:
    if len(argv) < 3:
        raise PolicyError("gitea_api.py requires a method and a path")
    method, path = argv[1].upper(), argv[2]
    if not path.startswith("/api/v1/") or not _SAFE_API_PATH_RE.fullmatch(path):
        raise PolicyError("gitea_api.py requires a bounded API path")
    _reject_dot_segments(path)
    repo_root = f"/api/v1/repos/{EXPECTED_REPO}"
    if (
        path != "/api/v1/user"
        and path != repo_root
        and not path.startswith((f"{repo_root}/", f"{repo_root}?"))
    ):
        raise PolicyError("gitea_api.py is pinned to the Atlas titan-iac repository")
    if method in GITEA_READ_METHODS:
        return
    if mode == ARMED:
        fields = [
            argv[index + 1] for index, item in enumerate(argv[:-1]) if item == "--field"
        ]
        if method == "POST" and path == f"{repo_root}/pulls" and _ARMED_REF:
            required = {
                "title=WIP: Hermes handoff acceptance ephemeral probe",
                f"head={_ARMED_REF}",
                f"base={EXPECTED_BASE}",
                "body=Ephemeral acceptance probe. Closed and deleted by the harness.",
            }
            if len(fields) == len(required) and set(fields) == required:
                return
        match = re.fullmatch(rf"{re.escape(repo_root)}/pulls/([1-9][0-9]*)", path)
        if (
            method == "PATCH"
            and match
            and int(match.group(1)) in _ARMED_PULLS
            and fields == ["state=closed"]
        ):
            return
        if (
            method == "DELETE"
            and _ARMED_REF
            and path == f"{repo_root}/branches/{_ARMED_REF}"
            and len(argv) == 3
        ):
            return
    raise PolicyError(f"gitea_api.py {method} is not permitted in {mode} mode")


def _check_shell(argv: tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
    if len(argv) != 3 or argv[1] != "-c" or argv[2] not in _RENDERED:
        raise PolicyError("sh is only reachable as sh -c <frozen template>")


def check_argv(argv: tuple[str, ...], mode: str = READ_ONLY) -> None:
    """Raise :class:`PolicyError` unless ``argv`` is safe in ``mode``."""
    if mode not in MODES:
        raise PolicyError(f"unknown mode: {mode}")
    if not argv:
        raise PolicyError("empty command")
    binary = _binary_name(argv[0])
    if binary in FORBIDDEN_BINARIES:
        raise PolicyError(f"forbidden binary: {binary}")
    if binary not in ALLOWED_BINARIES:
        raise PolicyError(f"binary is not on the harness allowlist: {binary}")
    _reject_forbidden_arguments(argv)
    _reject_secret_paths(argv)
    if binary == "sh":
        _check_shell(argv)
    elif binary == "kubectl":
        _check_kubectl(argv, mode)
    elif binary == "git":
        _check_git(argv, mode)
    elif binary == "hermes":
        _check_hermes(argv)
    else:
        _check_gitea(argv, mode)