#[cfg(not(coverage))]
/// Keeps `retain_newest_pending_audio` explicit because it sits on the live uplink path, where stale media must be dropped instead of queued into latency.
/// Inputs are the typed parameters; output is the return value or side effect.
fn retain_newest_pending_audio(pending_audio: &mut Vec<AudioPacket>) -> usize {
    if pending_audio.len() <= BUNDLED_AUDIO_MAX_PENDING {
        return 0;
    }
    let dropped = pending_audio.len() - BUNDLED_AUDIO_MAX_PENDING;
    pending_audio.drain(..dropped);
    dropped
}

#[cfg(not(coverage))]
#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
/// Keeps `emit_bundled_media` explicit because it sits on the live uplink path, where stale media must be dropped instead of queued into latency.
/// Inputs are the typed parameters; output is the return value or side effect.
fn emit_bundled_media(
    session_id: u64,
    bundle_seq: &mut u64,
    video: Option<VideoPacket>,
    mut audio: Vec<AudioPacket>,
    queue: &crate::uplink_fresh_queue::FreshPacketQueue<UpstreamMediaBundle>,
    camera_telemetry: &crate::uplink_telemetry::UplinkTelemetryHandle,
    microphone_telemetry: &crate::uplink_telemetry::UplinkTelemetryHandle,
    drop_log: &Arc<std::sync::Mutex<UplinkDropLogLimiter>>,
) {
    if let Some(video) = video.as_ref() {
        let dropped = retain_audio_near_video(video, &mut audio);
        if dropped > 0 {
            microphone_telemetry.record_stale_drop(dropped as u64);
            log_uplink_drop(
                drop_log,
                UplinkDropReason::Stale,
                dropped as u64,
                audio.len(),
                bundled_audio_video_max_span().as_secs_f32() * 1_000.0,
            );
        }
    }
    if video.is_none() && audio.is_empty() {
        return;
    }
    *bundle_seq = bundle_seq.saturating_add(1);
    let (capture_start_us, capture_end_us) = bundled_capture_bounds(video.as_ref(), &audio);
    let enqueue_now_us = crate::live_capture_clock::capture_pts_us();
    let enqueue_age = Duration::from_micros(enqueue_now_us.saturating_sub(capture_start_us));
    let has_video = video.is_some();
    let has_audio = !audio.is_empty();
    let mut bundle = UpstreamMediaBundle {
        session_id,
        seq: *bundle_seq,
        capture_start_us,
        capture_end_us,
        video,
        audio,
        ..UpstreamMediaBundle::default()
    };
    if has_audio {
        let profile = lesavka_common::audio_transport::packet_audio_profile(
            bundle.audio.first().expect("audio was checked as present"),
        );
        lesavka_common::audio_transport::mark_bundle_audio_profile(&mut bundle, profile);
    }
    attach_bundle_queue_metadata(&mut bundle, 0, enqueue_age);
    let stats = queue.push(bundle, enqueue_age);
    if stats.dropped_queue_full > 0 {
        if has_video {
            camera_telemetry.record_queue_full_drop(stats.dropped_queue_full);
        }
        if has_audio {
            microphone_telemetry.record_queue_full_drop(stats.dropped_queue_full);
        }
        log_uplink_drop(
            drop_log,
            UplinkDropReason::QueueFull,
            stats.dropped_queue_full,
            stats.queue_depth,
            duration_ms(enqueue_age),
        );
    }
    let queue_depth = queue_depth_u32(stats.queue_depth);
    let age_ms = duration_ms(enqueue_age);
    if has_video {
        camera_telemetry.record_enqueue(queue_depth, age_ms, 0.0);
    }
    if has_audio {
        microphone_telemetry.record_enqueue(queue_depth, age_ms, 0.0);
    }
}

#[cfg(not(coverage))]
/// Drop microphone packets too far away from the video capture timestamp.
///
/// Inputs: one video packet and the pending audio window. Output: the number of
/// removed audio packets. Why: Opus/GStreamer can occasionally emit delayed
/// mic buffers; bundling those with fresh webcam frames makes the server drop
/// the whole A/V bundle, which hurts video much more than omitting stale mic
/// audio for that frame.
fn retain_audio_near_video(video: &VideoPacket, audio: &mut Vec<AudioPacket>) -> usize {
    if audio.is_empty() {
        return 0;
    }
    let max_span_us = bundled_audio_video_max_span()
        .as_micros()
        .min(u128::from(u64::MAX)) as u64;
    let video_pts = packet_video_capture_pts_us(video);
    let before = audio.len();
    audio.retain(|packet| packet_audio_capture_pts_us(packet).abs_diff(video_pts) <= max_span_us);
    before.saturating_sub(audio.len())
}

#[cfg(not(coverage))]
/// Keeps `bundled_capture_bounds` explicit because it sits on the live uplink path, where stale media must be dropped instead of queued into latency.
/// Inputs are the typed parameters; output is the return value or side effect.
fn bundled_capture_bounds(video: Option<&VideoPacket>, audio: &[AudioPacket]) -> (u64, u64) {
    let mut start = u64::MAX;
    let mut end = 0_u64;
    if let Some(video) = video {
        let pts = packet_video_capture_pts_us(video);
        start = start.min(pts);
        end = end.max(pts);
    }
    for packet in audio {
        let pts = packet_audio_capture_pts_us(packet);
        start = start.min(pts);
        end = end.max(pts);
    }
    if start == u64::MAX {
        let now = crate::live_capture_clock::capture_pts_us();
        return (now, now);
    }
    (start, end.max(start))
}

#[cfg(not(coverage))]
/// Keeps `packet_audio_capture_pts_us` explicit because it sits on the live uplink path, where stale media must be dropped instead of queued into latency.
/// Inputs are the typed parameters; output is the return value or side effect.
fn packet_audio_capture_pts_us(packet: &AudioPacket) -> u64 {
    if packet.client_capture_pts_us == 0 {
        packet.pts
    } else {
        packet.client_capture_pts_us
    }
}

#[cfg(not(coverage))]
/// Keeps `packet_video_capture_pts_us` explicit because it sits on the live uplink path, where stale media must be dropped instead of queued into latency.
/// Inputs are the typed parameters; output is the return value or side effect.
fn packet_video_capture_pts_us(packet: &VideoPacket) -> u64 {
    if packet.client_capture_pts_us == 0 {
        packet.pts
    } else {
        packet.client_capture_pts_us
    }
}

fn queue_depth_u32(depth: usize) -> u32 {
    depth.try_into().unwrap_or(u32::MAX)
}

#[cfg(not(coverage))]
fn duration_ms(duration: Duration) -> f32 {
    duration.as_secs_f32() * 1_000.0
}

fn duration_ms_u32(duration: Duration) -> u32 {
    duration.as_millis().min(u128::from(u32::MAX)) as u32
}

fn age_between_capture_and_enqueue(capture_pts_us: u64, enqueue_pts_us: u64) -> Duration {
    Duration::from_micros(enqueue_pts_us.saturating_sub(capture_pts_us))
}

fn stamp_audio_timing_metadata_at_enqueue(packet: &mut AudioPacket) -> Duration {
    static AUDIO_SEQUENCE: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
    let enqueue_pts_us = crate::live_capture_clock::capture_pts_us();
    let capture_pts_us = sanitized_capture_pts_us(packet.pts, enqueue_pts_us);
    packet.pts = capture_pts_us;
    packet.seq = AUDIO_SEQUENCE.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed).saturating_add(1);
    packet.client_capture_pts_us = capture_pts_us;
    packet.client_send_pts_us = enqueue_pts_us;
    age_between_capture_and_enqueue(capture_pts_us, enqueue_pts_us)
}

fn stamp_video_timing_metadata_at_enqueue(packet: &mut VideoPacket) -> Duration {
    static VIDEO_SEQUENCE: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
    let enqueue_pts_us = crate::live_capture_clock::capture_pts_us();
    let capture_pts_us = sanitized_capture_pts_us(packet.pts, enqueue_pts_us);
    packet.pts = capture_pts_us;
    packet.seq = VIDEO_SEQUENCE.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed).saturating_add(1);
    packet.client_capture_pts_us = capture_pts_us;
    packet.client_send_pts_us = enqueue_pts_us;
    age_between_capture_and_enqueue(capture_pts_us, enqueue_pts_us)
}

/// Keeps `sanitized_capture_pts_us` explicit because it sits on the live uplink path, where stale media must be dropped instead of queued into latency.
/// Inputs are the typed parameters; output is the return value or side effect.
fn sanitized_capture_pts_us(packet_pts_us: u64, enqueue_pts_us: u64) -> u64 {
    let mut capture_pts_us = packet_pts_us.min(enqueue_pts_us);
    let max_lag_us = crate::live_capture_clock::upstream_source_lag_cap()
        .as_micros()
        .min(u64::MAX as u128) as u64;
    let lag_floor_us = enqueue_pts_us.saturating_sub(max_lag_us);
    if capture_pts_us < lag_floor_us {
        capture_pts_us = lag_floor_us;
    }
    capture_pts_us
}

/// Keeps `attach_audio_queue_metadata` explicit because it sits on the live uplink path, where stale media must be dropped instead of queued into latency.
/// Inputs are the typed parameters; output is the return value or side effect.
fn attach_audio_queue_metadata(
    packet: &mut AudioPacket,
    queue_depth: usize,
    delivery_age: Duration,
) {
    if packet.encoding == 0 {
        lesavka_common::audio_transport::mark_packet_pcm_s16le(packet);
    }
    if packet.seq == 0 {
        let _ = stamp_audio_timing_metadata_at_enqueue(packet);
    }
    packet.client_queue_depth = queue_depth_u32(queue_depth);
    packet.client_queue_age_ms = duration_ms_u32(delivery_age);
}

/// Keeps `attach_video_queue_metadata` explicit because it sits on the live uplink path, where stale media must be dropped instead of queued into latency.
/// Inputs are the typed parameters; output is the return value or side effect.
fn attach_video_queue_metadata(
    packet: &mut VideoPacket,
    queue_depth: usize,
    delivery_age: Duration,
) {
    if packet.seq == 0 {
        let _ = stamp_video_timing_metadata_at_enqueue(packet);
    }
    packet.client_queue_depth = queue_depth_u32(queue_depth);
    packet.client_queue_age_ms = duration_ms_u32(delivery_age);
}

#[cfg(not(coverage))]
/// Keeps `attach_bundle_queue_metadata` explicit because it sits on the live uplink path, where stale media must be dropped instead of queued into latency.
/// Inputs are the typed parameters; output is the return value or side effect.
fn attach_bundle_queue_metadata(
    bundle: &mut UpstreamMediaBundle,
    queue_depth: usize,
    delivery_age: Duration,
) {
    for packet in &mut bundle.audio {
        attach_audio_queue_metadata(packet, queue_depth, delivery_age);
    }
    if let Some(packet) = bundle.video.as_mut() {
        attach_video_queue_metadata(packet, queue_depth, delivery_age);
    }
}