# Strategy Specifications
## Deck Name And Archetype

Witherbloom, the Balancer is a Commander deck specification for a 100-card singleton Golgari-aligned midrange tribal shell with a registered 10-card Veles policy sideboard. The active validation contract reports 100 main-deck cards and 10 sideboard cards, which passes the Commander count rule under this environment: exactly 100 main cards including the commander, singleton outside basic lands, and either no sideboard or exactly 10 sideboard cards when Veles sideboarding is enabled.

- Format validation: Active format is Commander, so Veles must not apply 60-card constructed deck-size assumptions, four-copy limits, or best-of-three sideboard expectations unless a Veles playtest policy explicitly asks for them.
- Singleton validation: The main deck obeys singleton construction outside basic lands; the only repeated main-deck names are 10 Forest and 7 Swamp.
- Sideboard validation: The legal `Side in:` pool is exactly Force of Vigor, Krosan Grip, Reclamation Sage, Veil of Summer, Noxious Revival, Nihil Spellbomb, Scavenging Ooze, Culling Ritual, Putrefy, and Pithing Needle.
- Commander identity: Treat Witherbloom, the Balancer as the command-zone plan anchor when the rules engine exposes command-zone actions, commander tax, or commander-specific timing; Card text check required before relying on any commander-specific trigger or static ability.
- Color plan: The registered mana base and spell suite are black-green with artifact acceleration, creature acceleration, ritual acceleration, token scaling, sacrifice payoffs, and large mana finishers.
- Archetype tags: The supplied tags are midrange and tribal, with midrange appearing twice in the source metadata; normalize the strategic identity to midrange tribal without treating duplicate tags as separate roles.
- Stock status: This is a rogue or hybrid Commander strategy rather than a stock cEDH or known preconstructed list; runtime choices should follow the guide and visible board state instead of assuming familiar Commander heuristics from unrelated lists.
- Role status: The deck should begin as a board-building midrange deck, become an engine deck when Skullclamp, token makers, drain permanents, or mana engines are active, and pivot to finisher mode when Craterhoof Behemoth, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Finale of Eternity, Ezuri's Predation, Army of the Damned, or In Garruk's Wake is legally set up.
- Legality caution: Several names may be custom, newly printed, or environment-specific, including Witherbloom, the Balancer, Emeritus of Woe, Emeritus of Abundance, Formidable Speaker, Chomping Changeling, Dina's Guidance, Nature's Rhythm, Splinter's Technique, Cauldron of Essence, Majestic Genesis, Titan's Grave, Festering Thicket, Vernal Fen, and Viridescent Bog; Card text check required before asserting exact effects for those cards.
- Mana concern: The deck has many high-impact expensive spells and several one-mana accelerants, so mulligans and sequencing must protect early green access for Arbor Elf, Llanowar Elves, Elvish Mystic, Fyndhorn Elves, Birds of Paradise, Elves of Deep Shadow, Delighted Halfling, and Deathrite Shaman while maintaining black access for Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Witherbloom Apprentice, removal, tutors, and rituals.
- Role concern: Do not overcommit into sweepers just because the deck can flood the board; keep Heroic Intervention, Golgari Charm, Arachnogenesis, recursive lines with Eternal Witness, or a second engine in mind when public information suggests mass removal.
- Opponent information status: No specific opponents, commanders, colors, or metagame decks were supplied, so matchup assumptions must stay archetype-based until Veles reveals commanders, public permanents, graveyards, revealed cards, or legal action prompts.

## Thesis

Witherbloom, the Balancer assembles a Golgari creature-and-token engine that turns early mana creatures into oversized board states, sacrifice/drain pressure, and large-mana finishers. Prioritize stable green access, early permanent mana, and one engine payoff before spending tutors or rituals on spectacle; the deck wins when Circle of Dreams Druid, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Awaken the Woods, Second Harvest, Army of the Damned, or token-making spells create enough bodies for Craterhoof Behemoth, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Ezuri's Predation, In Garruk's Wake, Finale of Eternity, or drain permanents to end the game.

The deck is not trying to play draw-go control, commander-voltron, or pure fast combo from every opening hand. Treat Witherbloom, the Balancer as a command-zone anchor only when the rules engine exposes a legal commander action and its text is known; Card text check required before relying on commander-specific triggers. The default plan is to develop mana, protect a material engine, trade resources with Assassin's Trophy, Feed the Swarm, Deadly Brew, Casualties of War, Final Act, Pest Infestation, and Golgari Charm, then convert a wide board or large mana burst into a decisive finish.

Prioritize board presence over isolated value unless the visible state demands interaction. Skullclamp, Shamanic Revelation, Eternal Witness, Deathrite Shaman, Sprout Swarm, Sedgemoor Witch, Witherbloom Apprentice, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Warren Soultrader, and Chatterfang, Squirrel General reward having creatures, tokens, deaths, casts, or sacrifice material; do not cash in bodies casually if they are also mana, clamp fuel, drain fuel, convoke material, or Craterhoof Behemoth math.

Commit to Chain of Smog only when the rules engine presents the relevant legal targets and copies, the visible stack/interaction context is acceptable, and Witherbloom Apprentice is present or otherwise the line has a stated tactical purpose. Card text check required for custom or unfamiliar cards before treating Dina's Guidance, Nature's Rhythm, Splinter's Technique, Cauldron of Essence, Majestic Genesis, Emeritus of Woe, Emeritus of Abundance, Formidable Speaker, Chomping Changeling, Titan's Grave, Festering Thicket, Vernal Fen, or Viridescent Bog as specific effects.

## Role Package

- Threats: Craterhoof Behemoth, Beledros Witherbloom, Tendershoot Dryad, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Scute Swarm, Army of the Damned, Ezuri's Predation, Awaken the Woods, Genesis Wave, Majestic Genesis, and Finale of Eternity are the cards that convert resource advantage into lethal or dominating board states; protect setup before deploying them into open sweepers unless waiting is worse.
- Drain payoffs: Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Witherbloom Apprentice, Stensian Sanguinist, and Dina's Guidance should be treated as reach engines when creature deaths, token creation, magecraft-like spell chains, or life-total swings are visible; Card text check required for Stensian Sanguinist and Dina's Guidance before relying on exact triggers.
- Creature engines: Sedgemoor Witch, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Sprout Swarm, Second Harvest, Awaken the Woods, Army of the Damned, and Pest Infestation build the wide-board plan; sequence them so the first engine survives long enough to receive Skullclamp, drain support, mana scaling, or a finisher.
- Mana engines: Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, Arbor Elf, Llanowar Elves, Elvish Mystic, Fyndhorn Elves, Birds of Paradise, Elves of Deep Shadow, Delighted Halfling, Deathrite Shaman, Cultivate, Dark Ritual, Cabal Ritual, Circle of Dreams Druid, Emeritus of Abundance, Beledros Witherbloom, Boseiju, Who Shelters All, and land drops provide the deck's acceleration; preserve early green when possible because most creature ramp depends on it.
- Velocity: Skullclamp, Shamanic Revelation, Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Eternal Witness, Grim Backwoods, Study Hall, Deathrite Shaman, Genesis Wave, Majestic Genesis, and Cauldron of Essence are the resource-refresh package; use tutors to find missing role pieces, not generic power, unless a visible lethal or survival line is available.
- Interaction: Assassin's Trophy, Feed the Swarm, Deadly Brew, Casualties of War, Final Act, Pest Infestation, Finale of Eternity, Golgari Charm, Ezuri's Predation, In Garruk's Wake, and Orcish Bowmasters answer threats, boards, or utility permanents; hold premium removal for cards that stop the engine, race lethal, or prevent a committed finisher.
- Protection: Heroic Intervention, Golgari Charm, Arachnogenesis, Dosan the Falling Leaf, Allosaurus Shepherd, Boseiju, Who Shelters All, and sideboard Veil of Summer protect key turns in different ways; Card text check required for any protection line whose exact legality is not exposed by Forge.
- Recursion and graveyard leverage: Eternal Witness, Deathrite Shaman, Noxious Revival, Scavenging Ooze, Nihil Spellbomb, Cauldron of Essence, Finale of Eternity, and Army of the Damned interact with graveyards or re-use resources; distinguish your graveyard plan from graveyard hate before activating.
- Sacrifice package: Diabolic Intent, Deadly Brew, Warren Soultrader, Skullclamp, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, and Grim Backwoods turn disposable creatures into cards, mana, removal, or damage; avoid sacrificing the only mana creature needed for the next legal finisher unless the current action is decisive.
- Sideboard modules: Force of Vigor, Krosan Grip, Reclamation Sage, Culling Ritual, Putrefy, and Pithing Needle expand artifact/enchantment/permanent disruption; Veil of Summer and Noxious Revival protect or rebuy critical lines; Nihil Spellbomb and Scavenging Ooze add graveyard pressure without changing the main deck's core identity.

## Primary Win Conditions

- Wide-board lethal: Build a creature/token count first, then turn that board into a kill with Craterhoof Behemoth, Second Harvest, Shamanic Revelation into follow-up pressure, or a large combat step. Setup is early mana from Arbor Elf, Llanowar Elves, Elvish Mystic, Fyndhorn Elves, Birds of Paradise, Elves of Deep Shadow, Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, Cultivate, or Circle of Dreams Druid into Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Sedgemoor Witch, Sprout Swarm, Awaken the Woods, Army of the Damned, Pest Infestation, or Ezuri's Predation. Execute only after checking visible blockers, open mana, known sweepers, and whether Heroic Intervention, Golgari Charm, Dosan the Falling Leaf, Allosaurus Shepherd, or Boseiju, Who Shelters All can protect the decisive turn.

- Drain-engine kill: Prioritize Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Witherbloom Apprentice, Stensian Sanguinist, Dina's Guidance, Skullclamp, Warren Soultrader, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Sedgemoor Witch, and disposable tokens when combat is stalled or life totals are already low. Setup requires bodies that can die, be sacrificed, or be multiplied; execution comes from sacrifice actions, removal exchanges, token bursts, spell chains, or a board wipe that leaves the opponent losing more life than you. Card text check required for Stensian Sanguinist and Dina's Guidance before relying on exact triggers.

- Big-mana finisher: Use Circle of Dreams Druid, Beledros Witherbloom, Emeritus of Abundance, Dark Ritual, Cabal Ritual, Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, land development, and wide boards to turn Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Finale of Eternity, Pest Infestation, Awaken the Woods, Majestic Genesis, or In Garruk's Wake into a swing that ends the game or makes the next turn lethal. Prioritize this path when the hand contains payoff plus mana density, when combat is unsafe, or when a tutor can find the missing half. Card text check required for Emeritus of Abundance and Majestic Genesis before assuming exact scaling.

- Chain of Smog commitment: Treat Chain of Smog plus Witherbloom Apprentice as a potential deterministic kill only if Forge exposes the legal target/copy choices and the visible stack context supports committing. Do not start the line merely because both names are present; verify the target, opponent interaction, life totals, and whether losing hand resources matters if the line stops.

## Secondary Win Conditions

- Value attrition: Win slower games by making every creature, token, and graveyard card trade up through Skullclamp, Grim Backwoods, Eternal Witness, Deathrite Shaman, Deadly Brew, Diabolic Intent, Shamanic Revelation, and Witherbloom Apprentice. Prioritize this line after the first finisher is answered, when opponents are low on cards, or when the board is too contested for an immediate Craterhoof Behemoth attack.

- Reset-then-rebuild: Use Final Act, Casualties of War, In Garruk's Wake, Ezuri's Predation, Pest Infestation, Feed the Swarm, Assassin's Trophy, and Deadly Brew to remove the permanent type or board position that actually prevents winning. Prefer In Garruk's Wake or asymmetrical Ezuri's Predation when your board can survive as pressure; prefer Final Act only when the current board is worse for you than for the table. Card text check required for Final Act modes before choosing exact cleanup lines.

- Recursive pressure: Use Eternal Witness, Noxious Revival after sideboarding, Deathrite Shaman, Cauldron of Essence, and Finale of Eternity to rebuy a key tutor, removal spell, finisher, or engine after disruption. Card text check required for Cauldron of Essence before relying on a specific recursion pattern.

- Creature-land and chip pressure: Use Hissing Quagmire, random tokens, mana creatures, Chomping Changeling, Formidable Speaker, Orcish Bowmasters, and commander damage from Witherbloom, the Balancer only when legal actions and visible combat math support it. Card text check required for Witherbloom, the Balancer, Chomping Changeling, and Formidable Speaker before treating them as specific combat engines.

## Emergency Lines

- Behind on life: Stabilize before engines by blocking with expendable tokens, using Arachnogenesis when combat damage is the danger, removing the highest-clock permanent with Assassin's Trophy, Feed the Swarm, Deadly Brew, Putrefy after sideboarding, or Casualties of War, and considering Exsanguinate as life recovery plus reach. Do not spend life or sacrifice blockers for marginal value when the visible attack already threatens lethal or a two-turn clock.

- Behind on board: Reset or blunt the board with Final Act, In Garruk's Wake, Ezuri's Predation, Pest Infestation, Golgari Charm, Arachnogenesis, or targeted removal, then rebuild from mana creatures, tokens, Eternal Witness, Genesis Wave, or Army of the Damned. Preserve Circle of Dreams Druid only if enough creatures remain to make it mana-positive.

- Behind on cards: Convert expendable bodies through Skullclamp, Grim Backwoods, Shamanic Revelation, Diabolic Intent, Deadly Brew, or Eternal Witness instead of topdecking passively. Tutor for the role you lack: removal when dying, a draw engine when empty, Craterhoof Behemoth when wide, or Exsanguinate when mana-rich.

- Behind on mana: Prioritize land drops, Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, Cultivate, one-mana dorks, Deathrite Shaman when legal, and low-cost interaction over seven-plus-mana finishers. Do not sacrifice the only colored source or mana creature needed to cast the next stabilizing action unless the current legal action prevents a loss.

- Engines removed: Shift from synergy to raw cards and sweepers. Use Eternal Witness, Noxious Revival if boarded, Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Genesis Wave, Majestic Genesis, or Army of the Damned to find a new engine, but hold protection for the replacement if opponents have already shown removal.

- Graveyard or combo disrupted: Stop valuing recursion assumptions and win through board size, Exsanguinate, Craterhoof Behemoth, or repeated token production. If Chain of Smog is no longer safe or Witherbloom Apprentice is gone, treat Chain of Smog as a risky resource exchange rather than a primary plan.

## Resource Model

- Life: Spend life only when it converts into a decisive turn, a protected finisher, or survival against a visible clock. Boseiju, Who Shelters All, Beledros Witherbloom, Elves of Deep Shadow, Llanowar Wastes, and pain-style utility should be treated as real costs when opponents can attack for lethal or near-lethal; Exsanguinate and drain engines can recover life, but do not assume that recovery before Forge resolves it.

- Hand: Treat hand size as fuel for staged commitment, not a pile to empty. Keep at least one payoff, protection, tutor, or recovery card when possible; Skullclamp, Shamanic Revelation, Grim Backwoods, Eternal Witness, Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Genesis Wave, and Majestic Genesis are the main ways to turn resources back into cards. Card text check required for Majestic Genesis before relying on exact output.

- Mana: Convert early turns into permanent mana first, then into explosive mana once a payoff is visible. Arbor Elf, Llanowar Elves, Elvish Mystic, Fyndhorn Elves, Birds of Paradise, Elves of Deep Shadow, Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, Cultivate, Deathrite Shaman, Circle of Dreams Druid, Dark Ritual, Cabal Ritual, and Beledros Witherbloom enable the deck to jump from setup into Exsanguinate, Craterhoof Behemoth, Genesis Wave, Pest Infestation, Army of the Damned, Ezuri's Predation, In Garruk's Wake, or Finale of Eternity.

- Board: Value board material as both pressure and currency. Tokens from Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Sedgemoor Witch, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Sprout Swarm, Awaken the Woods, Army of the Damned, Pest Infestation, Second Harvest, and Ezuri's Predation support Craterhoof Behemoth, Circle of Dreams Druid, Skullclamp, Diabolic Intent, Deadly Brew, Warren Soultrader, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, and Mirkwood Bats.

- Graveyard: Treat the graveyard as a recoverable resource only while opponents have not shown graveyard pressure. Eternal Witness, Deathrite Shaman, Cauldron of Essence, Finale of Eternity, and sideboard Noxious Revival or Scavenging Ooze can matter, but Card text check required for Cauldron of Essence before selecting a specific recursion line.

- Exile: Treat exile as mostly spent unless Forge exposes a legal play-permission action. Do not plan around getting exiled cards back; use public exile information to track removed threats, spent answers, and whether Deathrite Shaman or Scavenging Ooze has legal targets.

- Lands: Preserve lands as the safest long-term resource unless a legal sacrifice, fetch, or utility activation clearly advances the current plan. Verdant Catacombs and Terramorphic Expanse fix colors and trigger landfall for Scute Swarm; Bojuka Bog is interaction; Grim Backwoods is a late conversion outlet; Hissing Quagmire can become pressure or defense; Study Hall can support commander recasts if Forge exposes that action. Card text check required for Titan's Grave, Festering Thicket, Vernal Fen, and Viridescent Bog.

- Sacrifice fodder: Spend expendable bodies before real engines. Prefer tokens, spent mana creatures, and doomed blockers for Skullclamp, Diabolic Intent, Deadly Brew, Warren Soultrader, Grim Backwoods, and drain triggers; preserve Circle of Dreams Druid, Witherbloom Apprentice, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, and Sedgemoor Witch unless the sacrifice wins, stabilizes, or unlocks a tutor.

- Tempo and information: Commit slower engines only when visible mana, stack, combat, and known interaction make waiting worse than acting. Sideboard bullets convert information into narrower answers: Force of Vigor, Krosan Grip, Reclamation Sage, Culling Ritual, Putrefy, Pithing Needle, Nihil Spellbomb, Scavenging Ooze, Veil of Summer, and Noxious Revival should answer the revealed axis, not generic fear.

## Mana Guide

- Color access: Keep hands that produce green early and black by the first meaningful black spell. Green casts Arbor Elf, Llanowar Elves, Elvish Mystic, Fyndhorn Elves, Birds of Paradise, Cultivate, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, and protection; black casts Dark Ritual, Cabal Ritual, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Witherbloom Apprentice, Feed the Swarm, Diabolic Intent, Chain of Smog, and finishers like Exsanguinate.

- Opening mana: Prefer two or more mana sources with at least one untapped early green source, or one land plus Sol Ring/Arcane Signet only when the hand has castable follow-up. Mulligan hands with no green source, only tapped lands and no one-mana play, or payoffs that cannot be cast before falling behind.

- Sequencing lands: Play untapped green first when it enables a one-mana creature, then use fixing lands to unlock black. Command Tower, Woodland Cemetery, Deathcap Glade, Necroblossom Snarl, Llanowar Wastes, Twilight Mire, Exotic Orchard, Haunted Mire, Witherbloom Campus, and basic Forest/Swamp should be sequenced from Forge-visible tapped status, color needs, and next-turn spells.

- Fetch timing: Use Verdant Catacombs and Terramorphic Expanse before card draw when the only goal is fixing or thinning, but wait until after draw or selection when the land choice depends on the card seen. With Scute Swarm visible or likely, preserve land drops and fetch timing for landfall only if the tempo loss does not strand interaction.

- Utility timing: Play Bojuka Bog when a graveyard matters now or when entering tapped will not cost a key spell. Hold Boseiju, Who Shelters All for decisive noncreature spells only if the life cost and colorless timing are acceptable. Use Grim Backwoods or Hissing Quagmire activations only when leaving mana unused is worse than converting the land into cards, defense, or pressure.

- Ritual timing: Cast Dark Ritual or Cabal Ritual only into a legal spell or sequence that materially changes the game this turn. Do not spend ritual mana on a medium setup play if holding it enables Exsanguinate, In Garruk's Wake, Army of the Damned, Finale of Eternity, Genesis Wave, or a protected Chain of Smog turn later.

- Play-land-before/after-draw: Play the land before drawing when mana is needed immediately for Skullclamp, Shamanic Revelation, tutors, removal, or protection and the land choice is already clear. Draw or select first with Skullclamp, Shamanic Revelation, Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, or other legal selection when the result can decide whether to play Bojuka Bog, a tapped land, a fetch land, a black source, or a green source.

## Mulligan Guide

- Strong keep: Keep two or three lands with early green plus Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, Arbor Elf, Llanowar Elves, Elvish Mystic, Fyndhorn Elves, Birds of Paradise, or Delighted Halfling, especially when the hand also has Skullclamp, Cultivate, Sedgemoor Witch, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Tendershoot Dryad, or a tutor. This hand converts mana into board material before asking for a finisher.

- Strong engine keep: Keep functional mana plus Witherbloom Apprentice and Chain of Smog only when the runtime shows enough colored mana, timing, and protection or low visible interaction to attempt the line later. Do not treat the combo as automatic from opener; it is a commitment hand that needs mana and stack context.

- Medium keep: Keep two lands plus a mana creature and one payoff such as Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Skullclamp, Scute Swarm, Shamanic Revelation, Pest Infestation, or Awaken the Woods. This hand is slower but has a clear bridge from creatures or tokens into cards, drain, or a decisive turn.

- Risky keep: Keep one-land hands only with Sol Ring or multiple one-mana accelerants and a castable sequence from visible colors. Forest plus Llanowar Elves plus Elvish Mystic plus Skullclamp is playable; Swamp plus Dark Ritual plus expensive green cards is not a real plan unless the legal spell sequence already works.

- Automatic ship: Mulligan hands with no lands, no green source, five-plus expensive spells and no acceleration, only tapped lands with no turn-two play, or hands that rely on Card text check required cards as the only plan. Do not keep Craterhoof Behemoth, Army of the Damned, In Garruk's Wake, Casualties of War, Genesis Wave, and Ezuri's Predation without a mana path.

- Matchup-dependent keep: Against fast creature pressure, value Arachnogenesis, Golgari Charm, Deadly Brew, Feed the Swarm, Assassin's Trophy, Orcish Bowmasters, early blockers, and token makers more highly. Against control or stack-heavy tables, prefer Dosan the Falling Leaf, Allosaurus Shepherd, Heroic Intervention, Boseiju, Who Shelters All, Demonic Tutor, and hands that can wait before committing Chain of Smog or Craterhoof Behemoth.

- Play/draw adjustment: On the play, prioritize untapped green into a mana creature or Sol Ring into Arcane Signet so the deck sets the pace. On the draw, accept slightly slower hands with interaction, Skullclamp, Cultivate, Orcish Bowmasters, or Shamanic Revelation because extra information and the draw step help hit land drops.

- Trap hand: Ship hands that look powerful but do nothing before turn four, such as multiple finishers plus Boseiju, Who Shelters All and tapped lands. Also distrust Skullclamp hands without expendable creatures, Diabolic Intent hands without sacrifice fodder, and Bojuka Bog hands that enter tapped while failing to cast the opener.

## Turn Arc

- Turn 1: Lead with untapped green for Arbor Elf, Llanowar Elves, Elvish Mystic, Fyndhorn Elves, Birds of Paradise, Elves of Deep Shadow, Deathrite Shaman, or Delighted Halfling when legal. Prefer Sol Ring when it enables Arcane Signet, Skullclamp, or a turn-two three-drop; play Bojuka Bog only if an opposing graveyard already matters or no tempo is lost.

- Turn 2: Convert the opener into either mana density or an engine. Cast Arcane Signet, Cultivate when accelerated, Skullclamp with a disposable body, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Witherbloom Apprentice, Orcish Bowmasters, or Chatterfang, Squirrel General according to legal mana and visible pressure. Hold Assassin's Trophy, Feed the Swarm, and Golgari Charm when an opponent's permanent or board state is already the problem.

- Turn 3: Establish the deck's first durable axis. Prefer Sedgemoor Witch, Scute Swarm before landfall follow-up, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Circle of Dreams Druid with creatures already present, or Demonic Tutor/Diabolic Intent for the missing piece. Use Dark Ritual or Cabal Ritual only if it produces a concrete spell this turn, not a vague acceleration gesture.

- Turns 4-5: Choose between widening, drawing, protecting, or committing. Cast Tendershoot Dryad, Awaken the Woods, Pest Infestation, Second Harvest, Shamanic Revelation, Beledros Witherbloom, or Casualties of War when the board supports them; hold Heroic Intervention or Golgari Charm if a visible wipe or combat blowout is plausible. Start Chain of Smog only with Witherbloom Apprentice visible, legal targeting, and stack context that makes waiting worse.

- Late game: Turn material into a finishing action instead of adding minor board presence. Prioritize Craterhoof Behemoth with a wide board, Exsanguinate with large mana, Genesis Wave with enough mana to reveal meaningful permanents, In Garruk's Wake or Final Act when behind, Army of the Damned when attrition matters, and Ezuri's Predation when opposing creatures make the fight favorable. Card text check required for Majestic Genesis, Cauldron of Essence, Emeritus of Woe, Emeritus of Abundance, Formidable Speaker, Chomping Changeling, Dina's Guidance, Nature's Rhythm, Splinter's Technique, and Witherbloom, the Balancer before relying on exact tactical output.

## Card Roles

- Commander role: Witherbloom, the Balancer is the command-zone identity card, but Card text check required before using it as a rules-specific engine. Cast the commander when legal text, mana, and board state show it advances a visible drain, token, sacrifice, or stabilization plan; do not expose it into obvious removal if the same mana can develop Skullclamp, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Sedgemoor Witch, Tendershoot Dryad, or protection first.

- Drain anchors: Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Stensian Sanguinist, and Witherbloom Apprentice convert creature deaths, token movement, spells, or life-change pressure into reach. Deploy one early when it will trigger from Skullclamp, Pest Infestation, Awaken the Woods, Second Harvest, Army of the Damned, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Sedgemoor Witch, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, or Warren Soultrader; hold a redundant drain piece when a wipe is visible unless Heroic Intervention, Golgari Charm, or recursion is available. Witherbloom Apprentice plus Chain of Smog is a commitment line, not a casual value play; attempt it only after checking legal target text, stack interaction, protection, and whether passing gives opponents a better disruption window.

- Token engines: Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Sedgemoor Witch, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Sprout Swarm, Awaken the Woods, Army of the Damned, Pest Infestation, Second Harvest, Ezuri's Predation, and Beledros Witherbloom are the board-mass package. Cast early token engines before payoff drains when the table is light on sweepers; cast payoff drains first when deaths or token creation will happen immediately. Second Harvest is strongest after a real token board exists; do not fire it into one or two low-impact tokens unless it unlocks lethal, Skullclamp cards, Shamanic Revelation, Circle of Dreams Druid mana, or Craterhoof Behemoth. Card text check required for exact Beledros Witherbloom and Ezuri's Predation handling, so let runtime legal actions confirm token, mana, and fight details.

- Mana creatures: Arbor Elf, Llanowar Elves, Elvish Mystic, Fyndhorn Elves, Elves of Deep Shadow, Birds of Paradise, Deathrite Shaman, Delighted Halfling, Circle of Dreams Druid, and Allosaurus Shepherd are the speed layer. Lead with untapped green into a one-mana creature unless Sol Ring creates a stronger legal sequence. Protect Circle of Dreams Druid when the board already contains several creatures because it turns token width into Genesis Wave, Exsanguinate, Craterhoof Behemoth, In Garruk's Wake, or Army of the Damned mana. Deathrite Shaman depends on visible graveyards; do not count it as guaranteed ramp or reach unless legal actions show usable cards.

- Artifact and ritual acceleration: Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, Dark Ritual, and Cabal Ritual should create a concrete spell sequence this turn or a protected future turn. Sol Ring and Arcane Signet are normal early plays; Dark Ritual and Cabal Ritual should be held for explosive turns involving Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Sedgemoor Witch, Chain of Smog, Exsanguinate, Final Act, In Garruk's Wake, or Genesis Wave. Do not spend ritual mana merely to cast a replaceable midrange creature if the hand has a stronger payoff a turn later.

- Card advantage engines: Skullclamp, Shamanic Revelation, Grim Backwoods, Eternal Witness, Genesis Wave, Majestic Genesis, Dina's Guidance, Nature's Rhythm, and Splinter's Technique refill or convert resources, but several need Card text check required. Skullclamp wants disposable creatures from token makers, mana creatures that are no longer needed, or creatures about to die; avoid clamping a critical mana source before the turn's mana is secured. Shamanic Revelation is a wide-board payoff; cast it before combat when the draw can change attacks, land drops, or protection, and after combat only when combat deaths improve its legal outcome. Eternal Witness should rebuy the card that solves the current game: Heroic Intervention after a wipe, Assassin's Trophy for a must-answer permanent, Exsanguinate or Craterhoof Behemoth for finish, or a tutor when the missing piece is clearer.

- Tutors and selection: Demonic Tutor and Diabolic Intent are precision tools, not generic value buttons. Tutor for mana when stuck, interaction when a visible permanent will end the game, Heroic Intervention or Golgari Charm when committing into a likely wipe, Witherbloom Apprentice or Chain of Smog only when the combo gate is live, and Craterhoof Behemoth, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, or In Garruk's Wake when the board or mana already supports them. Diabolic Intent requires sacrifice fodder; do not sacrifice a unique engine piece unless the tutored card wins, prevents losing, or replaces that role immediately.

- Removal and sweepers: Assassin's Trophy, Feed the Swarm, Deadly Brew, Golgari Charm, Final Act, Casualties of War, In Garruk's Wake, Finale of Eternity, and Pest Infestation answer different board states. Spend single-target removal on must-answer engines, combo pieces, prison effects, or lethal attackers rather than the first legal target. Feed the Swarm is important because black-green may otherwise struggle with some enchantments; preserve it if enchantment pressure is visible or likely. Golgari Charm can protect from sweepers, remove small creatures, or answer enchantments depending on legal modes; do not choose a mode from habit. Final Act, In Garruk's Wake, Casualties of War, and Finale of Eternity need runtime text confirmation for exact mode and scale, but their strategic role is reset or swing turn.

- Protection and stack-shielding: Heroic Intervention, Golgari Charm, Dosan the Falling Leaf, Allosaurus Shepherd, and Boseiju, Who Shelters All protect decisive turns. Hold Heroic Intervention when a wipe, damage-based sweeper, or targeted removal would punish a wide board; use it proactively only when the legal action protects a lethal attack or combo commitment. Cast Dosan the Falling Leaf before Chain of Smog, Craterhoof Behemoth, Genesis Wave, or Exsanguinate when opponents could interact at instant speed; avoid locking yourself into a poor turn if the current main phase cannot capitalize. Boseiju, Who Shelters All should be used for critical instants or sorceries only when life payment and colorless timing are legal and worth it.

- Finishers: Craterhoof Behemoth, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Army of the Damned, Ezuri's Predation, In Garruk's Wake, Finale of Eternity, and large Pest Infestation are closing cards. Craterhoof Behemoth needs enough creatures and combat access; do not cast it into fog, tapped attackers, or inadequate lethal pressure unless stabilizing bodies matter. Exsanguinate rewards large black mana and life-total math; choose it over adding creatures when it wins, stabilizes against multiple opponents, or punishes a stalled table. Genesis Wave should be sized to hit meaningful permanents, not used as a desperate small cantrip unless survival requires any board presence.

- Sacrifice and death-value pieces: Warren Soultrader, Skullclamp, Deadly Brew, Diabolic Intent, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, and Chatterfang, Squirrel General make creature deaths productive. Card text check required for Warren Soultrader before assuming exact mana or sacrifice output. Sacrifice expendable tokens before mana creatures or payoff creatures unless the chosen line wins or prevents losing.

- Conditional or custom-check cards: Emeritus of Woe, Emeritus of Abundance, Formidable Speaker, Chomping Changeling, Dina's Guidance, Nature's Rhythm, Splinter's Technique, Cauldron of Essence, and Witherbloom, the Balancer require Card text check required before exact tactical use. Treat them as role candidates only after Forge exposes legal actions: cast engine-looking cards when they create material, cards, mana, drain, or protection now; hold them when their text is unknown and proven cards like Skullclamp, Cultivate, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Sedgemoor Witch, Tendershoot Dryad, Assassin's Trophy, or Heroic Intervention answer the current board more clearly.

- Land roles: Command Tower, Llanowar Wastes, Twilight Mire, Exotic Orchard, Deathcap Glade, Woodland Cemetery, Necroblossom Snarl, Haunted Mire, Hissing Quagmire, Witherbloom Campus, Study Hall, Verdant Catacombs, Terramorphic Expanse, and basics fix normal development. Bojuka Bog is graveyard interaction; play it early only when tempo is more important than future graveyard disruption or when an opposing graveyard already contains visible threats. Boseiju, Who Shelters All supports uncounterable decisive spells, while Grim Backwoods turns spare creatures into cards when board material is no longer more valuable than velocity. Card text check required for Titan's Grave, Festering Thicket, Vernal Fen, and Viridescent Bog before relying on exact utility.

### Card Hover Notes

#### Witherbloom, the Balancer
- Deck role: Main deck/command zone, 1 copy, core commander and affinity engine.
- Role type: engine piece; mechanic enabler; mana/fixing/ramp; threat/clock.
- Deck-specific job: Makes your instant and sorcery spells cheaper by your creature count and itself costs less for each creature you control, so token boards from Sedgemoor Witch, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Awaken the Woods, Pest Infestation, Army of the Damned, and Sprout Swarm turn into cheaper Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Final Act, Casualties of War, Shamanic Revelation, and tutors.
- Timing: Cast when you already have at least three creatures or when its flying/deathtouch body stabilizes combat; waiting is better if commander tax plus open removal would strand your next finisher.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes eight mana reduced by creatures; outputs a 5/5 flying deathtouch blocker/clock and discounts instant/sorcery costs.
- Partners / packages: Works with Circle of Dreams Druid, Sprout Swarm, Sedgemoor Witch, Awaken the Woods, Shamanic Revelation, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, and Final Act.
- Role peers: No direct peer; closest role overlap is Circle of Dreams Druid for creature-count mana and Allosaurus Shepherd/Boseiju, Who Shelters All for protecting big green or instant/sorcery turns.
- Failure modes: Do not cast into obvious removal if the same turn can develop Chatterfang, Squirrel General or Skullclamp; affinity discounts generic mana only, not required black/green pips.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong when boards are wide or tax is low; against control, pair deployment with Delighted Halfling, Dosan the Falling Leaf, Boseiju, Who Shelters All, or sideboard Veil of Summer.

#### Mirkwood Bats
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, core drain payoff for token creation and sacrifice.
- Role type: engine payoff; reach/finisher; threat/clock.
- Deck-specific job: Converts every token creation or token sacrifice into each-opponent life loss, making Pest Infestation, Sprout Swarm, Second Harvest, Army of the Damned, Awaken the Woods, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Sedgemoor Witch, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Warren Soultrader, and Treasure tokens into reach.
- Timing: Deploy before a burst token turn if it is likely to survive; hold through a known sweeper if you can instead rebuild with token makers after removal.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes four mana and no extra resources; outputs flying pressure and repeated each-opponent life loss from token creation or sacrifice.
- Partners / packages: Best with Second Harvest, Awaken the Woods, Army of the Damned, Pest Infestation, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Warren Soultrader, and Skullclamp.
- Role peers: Zulaport Cutthroat and Blood Artist overlap on death-drain, while Witherbloom Apprentice overlaps on spell-chain drain.
- Failure modes: Does not trigger on nontoken creature deaths by itself; do not sacrifice critical mana creatures just to trigger it unless the life loss is decisive.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Excellent against pillow-fort or stalled combat; weaker into exile-based removal before any token burst resolves.

#### Orcish Bowmasters
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, flash interaction and punisher role player.
- Role type: interaction-removal; threat/clock; engine fuel/material.
- Deck-specific job: Punishes opponents for drawing beyond their first draw each draw step and gives an immediate 1-damage shot to any target plus amass Orcs 1 when it enters, creating a body for Skullclamp, Diabolic Intent, Deadly Brew, Warren Soultrader, Circle of Dreams Druid, and Craterhoof Behemoth math.
- Timing: Hold with two mana when an opponent is about to draw extra cards or when a 1-damage flash blocker/removal line matters; cast proactively only when the body and amass token enable your next engine.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes two mana; outputs flash surprise damage, an Orc Army token or counter, and future punishment triggers.
- Partners / packages: Works with Skullclamp, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Warren Soultrader, Circle of Dreams Druid, and Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Role peers: Assassin's Trophy and Feed the Swarm are broader answers; Bowmasters is narrower but instant-speed and leaves material.
- Failure modes: Do not expect it to stop normal draw steps; the trigger excludes the first card drawn in each opponent's draw step.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: High priority against wheel, cantrip, and draw-engine opponents; still useful against small utility creatures or planeswalkers with one loyalty.

#### Emeritus of Woe
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, prepared tutor body and value-flex slot.
- Role type: tutor/search; threat/clock; role glue.
- Deck-specific job: As a 5/4 prepared creature, it can carry pressure while threatening its Demonic Tutor spell copy; becoming prepared again at your end step after two or more creatures died lines up with Skullclamp, Deadly Brew, Diabolic Intent, Final Act, Warren Soultrader, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, and combat trades.
- Timing: Cast when a 5/4 body is relevant or when the prepared tutor can immediately find Craterhoof Behemoth, Exsanguinate, Heroic Intervention, Chain of Smog, Witherbloom Apprentice, or removal; preserve it if a likely two-death turn can reload the tutor.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes four mana; outputs a creature and access to a copied Demonic Tutor while prepared.
- Mode map: Creature face is Emeritus of Woe, a 5/4 that enters prepared and can become prepared again; spell face is Demonic Tutor, a sorcery copy that searches any card to hand, then shuffles.
- Partners / packages: Tutors for Witherbloom Apprentice plus Chain of Smog, Craterhoof Behemoth, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Heroic Intervention, Assassin's Trophy, or Bojuka Bog.
- Role peers: Demonic Tutor and Diabolic Intent are cleaner one-shot tutors; Splinter's Technique is another tutor with sneak timing.
- Failure modes: Overall Oracle metadata is marked missing, but face text is provided; follow the face text and do not assume other hidden abilities.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Better in attrition games with deaths; slower against fast combo unless it immediately tutors disruption.

#### Zulaport Cutthroat
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, core aristocrats drain payoff.
- Role type: engine payoff; lifegain/stabilization; reach/finisher.
- Deck-specific job: Drains each opponent and gains you 1 whenever it or another creature you control dies, so it turns Skullclamp, Deadly Brew, Diabolic Intent, Warren Soultrader, Grim Backwoods, Final Act, combat trades, Pest tokens, Squirrels, Zombies, Saprolings, and Insects into reach and life padding.
- Timing: Deploy before planned sacrifice or wipe turns; hold if it would die before any creature-death exchange and you need it for a larger drain turn.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes two mana; outputs repeatable each-opponent life loss and your life gain from your creature deaths.
- Partners / packages: Strong with Skullclamp, Warren Soultrader, Diabolic Intent, Deadly Brew, Grim Backwoods, Army of the Damned, Pest Infestation, and Chatterfang, Squirrel General.
- Role peers: Blood Artist triggers on any creature death but targets one player; Mirkwood Bats triggers on token creation/sacrifice instead.
- Failure modes: Does not trigger from tokens being created or from opposing creatures dying unless a creature you control also dies.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Valuable against aggro and stalled boards; make opponents account for drain before combat trades or sweepers.

#### Blood Artist
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, core death-drain payoff.
- Role type: engine payoff; lifegain/stabilization; reach/finisher.
- Deck-specific job: Triggers whenever this creature or another creature dies, including opposing creatures, and targets a player for 1 life loss while you gain 1, making Final Act, Ezuri's Predation fights, Deadly Brew, combat trades, Skullclamp, Warren Soultrader, and enemy sweepers profitable.
- Timing: Cast before a turn with multiple deaths; protect it when a board wipe or sacrifice chain would generate enough triggers to swing the race.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes two mana; outputs targeted life loss and your life gain from any creature death.
- Partners / packages: Works with Final Act, Ezuri's Predation, Skullclamp, Warren Soultrader, Deadly Brew, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, and Pest Infestation.
- Role peers: Zulaport Cutthroat hits each opponent but only from your creatures; Cauldron of Essence mirrors your-creature death drain as an artifact.
- Failure modes: Targeting means protection, hexproof for players, or target restrictions can matter; do not aim triggers casually if one opponent is close to lethal or one planeswalker-like threat is not a player.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong into creature swarms and sacrifice mirrors; less explosive against creature-light control unless paired with your own sacrifice outlets.

#### Stensian Sanguinist
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, prepared drain finisher and combat-support role player.
- Role type: protection/evasion; reach/finisher; engine payoff.
- Deck-specific job: Gives target creature deathtouch when you attack, then becomes prepared if that creature deals combat damage to a player this combat, unlocking its Exsanguinate spell copy for big-mana drain.
- Timing: Attack when you can give deathtouch to an unblocked or hard-to-block attacker such as Witherbloom, the Balancer, Chatterfang, Squirrel General with forestwalk, Hissing Quagmire, or a wide-board attacker; wait if profitable blocks prevent the prepared trigger.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes two mana and an attack step; outputs deathtouch combat leverage and, if prepared, access to Exsanguinate.
- Mode map: Creature face is Stensian Sanguinist, a 2/2 that grants deathtouch on attack and can become prepared; spell face is Exsanguinate, `{X}{B}{B}` sorcery causing each opponent to lose X life and you to gain life equal to life lost this way.
- Partners / packages: Pairs with Craterhoof Behemoth, Hissing Quagmire, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Witherbloom, the Balancer, Circle of Dreams Druid, Dark Ritual, and Cabal Ritual.
- Role peers: Exsanguinate is the direct standalone finisher; Blood Artist and Zulaport Cutthroat provide slower drain.
- Failure modes: Overall Oracle metadata is missing but face text is provided; the prepared trigger needs combat damage to a player by the targeted creature.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Useful through large blockers because deathtouch changes blocks; worse against fogs, token chump boards, and no-attack states.

#### Beledros Witherbloom
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, top-end token engine and land-untap burst.
- Role type: engine piece; mana/fixing/ramp; threat/clock; lifegain/stabilization.
- Deck-specific job: Creates a Pest on each upkeep, feeding Mirkwood Bats, Skullclamp, Zulaport Cutthroat, Blood Artist, Warren Soultrader, Circle of Dreams Druid, Craterhoof Behemoth, and Second Harvest, while the 10-life land untap can power a decisive Genesis Wave, Exsanguinate, Pest Infestation, or In Garruk's Wake turn.
- Timing: Cast when you can survive the table cycle or immediately use untapped lands; do not pay 10 life unless the follow-up wins, stabilizes, or leaves protection.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes seven mana; outputs repeated Pest tokens, flying pressure, and once-each-turn untapping of your land permanents for 10 life.
- Partners / packages: Works with Mirkwood Bats, Skullclamp, Zulaport Cutthroat, Blood Artist, Second Harvest, Circle of Dreams Druid, Exsanguinate, and Genesis Wave.
- Role peers: Tendershoot Dryad is the closest upkeep token engine; Circle of Dreams Druid is the safer mana engine when already wide.
- Failure modes: Life payment can lose races; Pests enter as 1/1 creature tokens and do not immediately gain life until they die.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Excellent in attrition and big-mana mirrors; risky against burn or flyers if the 10-life activation is not decisive.

#### Craterhoof Behemoth
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, core combat finisher.
- Role type: reach/finisher; threat/clock; engine payoff.
- Deck-specific job: Turns a wide creature board from Sprout Swarm, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Awaken the Woods, Army of the Damned, Pest Infestation, Ezuri's Predation, and Second Harvest into lethal trample damage.
- Timing: Cast precombat when creature count plus blockers produces lethal or a decisive knock-out; wait if a visible fog, instant-speed sweeper, or insufficient attackers makes the pump wasteful.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes eight mana including three green; outputs a hasty 5/5 and +X/+X trample for your creatures where X is your creature count.
- Partners / packages: Best with Second Harvest, Awaken the Woods, Army of the Damned, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Circle of Dreams Druid, and Heroic Intervention.
- Role peers: Exsanguinate finishes through life totals without combat; Genesis Wave and Majestic Genesis build noncombat dominance.
- Failure modes: Needs creatures before resolution and combat access after resolution; do not cast into no-attacker board states unless the 5/5 body itself stabilizes.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against durdly boards and planeswalker-heavy tables; weaker against instant-speed exile, fogs, and pillow-fort effects.

#### Emeritus of Abundance
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, prepared recursion body and land-count role player.
- Role type: recursion; threat/clock; role glue.
- Deck-specific job: A vigilant 3/4 that enters prepared and can attack to become prepared again once you control eight or more lands, giving repeat access to a Regrowth copy for key cards.
- Timing: Cast in midgame when a body plus a prepared Regrowth matters; attack after eight lands when vigilance lets it pressure without dropping shields.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes three mana; outputs a vigilant body and, while prepared, a Regrowth copy returning target card from your graveyard to hand.
- Mode map: Creature face is Emeritus of Abundance, a vigilant prepared Elf Druid; spell face is Regrowth, `{1}{G}` sorcery returning target card from your graveyard to your hand.
- Partners / packages: Rebuys Heroic Intervention, Golgari Charm, Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Exsanguinate, Craterhoof Behemoth, Genesis Wave, Assassin's Trophy, or Final Act.
- Role peers: Eternal Witness is immediate recursion on entry; Noxious Revival after sideboarding is instant-speed but puts the card on top.
- Failure modes: Overall Oracle metadata is missing but face text is provided; the eight-land attack trigger does not help before you reach that land count.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong after sweepers and in removal-heavy games; less urgent against fast combo where three mana must hold interaction.

#### Arbor Elf
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, one-mana mana resource.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; engine fuel/material.
- Deck-specific job: Untaps target Forest, which includes Forest, Haunted Mire, Festering Thicket, and Vernal Fen, letting early green lands produce extra mana and making those dual-type lands higher-value keeps.
- Timing: Lead on turn one when you have an untapped Forest source; later, preserve it if Circle of Dreams Druid, Craterhoof Behemoth, or Genesis Wave mana depends on creature count.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes one green mana and a summoning-sick turn; outputs repeatable untap of target Forest.
- Partners / packages: Works with Forest, Haunted Mire, Festering Thicket, Vernal Fen, Circle of Dreams Druid, Skullclamp only when expendable, and Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Role peers: Llanowar Elves, Elvish Mystic, Fyndhorn Elves, Birds of Paradise, and Elves of Deep Shadow are one-mana accelerants with different color output.
- Failure modes: Cannot untap non-Forest lands such as Command Tower, Llanowar Wastes, Twilight Mire, or Hissing Quagmire; weak if your only lands are Swamps or utility lands.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Good keep signal in openers with Forest-type lands; vulnerable to cheap removal but still advances commander affinity and creature count.

#### Llanowar Elves
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, one-mana green mana resource.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; engine fuel/material.
- Deck-specific job: Provides early green acceleration for Cultivate, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Sedgemoor Witch, Tendershoot Dryad, Circle of Dreams Druid, and faster commander affinity.
- Timing: Cast turn one off Forest, Command Tower, Llanowar Wastes, Deathcap Glade, Woodland Cemetery, or other legal green source; preserve until mana is no longer the bottleneck.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes one green; outputs `{G}` each turn after it can tap and adds a creature for Circle of Dreams Druid and Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Partners / packages: Works with Skullclamp when redundant, Circle of Dreams Druid, Craterhoof Behemoth, Diabolic Intent, and Shamanic Revelation.
- Role peers: Elvish Mystic and Fyndhorn Elves are direct peers; Birds of Paradise fixes both colors.
- Failure modes: Does not make black mana; do not keep green-only acceleration if black interaction and tutors are stranded with no black source.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against slow decks; against damage sweepers, convert or protect before losing multiple mana creatures.

#### Elvish Mystic
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, one-mana green mana resource.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; engine fuel/material.
- Deck-specific job: Accelerates early green development and increases creature count for Witherbloom, the Balancer, Circle of Dreams Druid, Shamanic Revelation, and Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Timing: Prioritize on turn one if it enables a turn-two three-drop or Cultivate; later, treat as expendable only after land drops and bigger mana engines are stable.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{G}`; outputs repeatable `{G}` and a small body.
- Partners / packages: Works with Circle of Dreams Druid, Skullclamp, Diabolic Intent, Shamanic Revelation, and Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Role peers: Llanowar Elves and Fyndhorn Elves are direct peers; Elves of Deep Shadow trades life for black mana instead.
- Failure modes: Do not attack into trades when that green mana is needed for Heroic Intervention, Golgari Charm, Genesis Wave, or Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Good in ramp races; against creature-heavy aggro, it may need to block only when preserving life matters more than future mana.

#### Eternal Witness
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, recursion role player.
- Role type: recursion; card selection; engine fuel/material.
- Deck-specific job: Returns the best card from your graveyard to hand, often Heroic Intervention after a wipe, Assassin's Trophy for a must-answer permanent, Demonic Tutor or Diabolic Intent for selection, Exsanguinate or Craterhoof Behemoth to close, or Skullclamp to rebuild.
- Timing: Cast when the graveyard has a card that changes the next turn; avoid using it on low-impact value if a finisher or answer is likely to enter the graveyard soon.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes three mana including two green; outputs a 2/1 body and one selected card back to hand.
- Partners / packages: Rebuys Heroic Intervention, Golgari Charm, Assassin's Trophy, Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Craterhoof Behemoth, and Final Act.
- Role peers: Emeritus of Abundance provides prepared Regrowth access; Noxious Revival is sideboard instant-speed topdeck recursion.
- Failure modes: Target can be removed from graveyard in response by opposing graveyard hate; do not expose it if holding up protection is more important.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong into removal-heavy and midrange games; low priority when graveyards are being exiled or tempo pressure demands immediate interaction.

#### Formidable Speaker
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, creature tutor and untap utility flex slot.
- Role type: tutor/search; discard outlet; role glue; mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: On entry, may discard a card to search for a creature card, reveal it, put it into hand, then shuffle; its `{1}, {T}` ability untaps another target permanent, which can reuse Circle of Dreams Druid, Grim Backwoods, Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, Hissing Quagmire, or a land after tapping.
- Timing: Use the ETB when the discarded card is worse than a specific creature such as Witherbloom Apprentice, Craterhoof Behemoth, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Eternal Witness, Circle of Dreams Druid, or Reclamation Sage after sideboarding.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes three mana, optionally one discarded card, and later one generic mana plus tapping; outputs a revealed creature tutor or untaps another target permanent.
- Mode map: ETB selection is optional discard into creature search; activated ability is repeatable untap of another target permanent.
- Partners / packages: Finds Witherbloom Apprentice, Craterhoof Behemoth, Circle of Dreams Druid, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Eternal Witness, Sedgemoor Witch, and sideboard Reclamation Sage or Scavenging Ooze.
- Role peers: Dina's Guidance also searches a creature; Demonic Tutor and Diabolic Intent find any card.
- Failure modes: Do not discard a needed protection, land, or finisher unless the creature found is immediately better; untap ability cannot target itself.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong when one creature role is missing; weaker under fast pressure if spending turn three on setup fails to affect board enough.

#### Skullclamp
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, core card-draw engine.
- Role type: engine piece; card selection; engine payoff.
- Deck-specific job: Turns 1-toughness or damaged disposable creatures and tokens into two cards, especially Pests, Saprolings, Insects, Squirrels, Elf mana creatures after they are redundant, Bowmasters Army tokens, and creatures about to die.
- Timing: Deploy early when you have fodder; equip after using mana creatures for mana if their mana matters this turn; clamp before a sweeper if it converts doomed bodies into cards.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes one mana to cast and one to equip; equipped creature gets +1/-1, and when it dies you draw two cards.
- Partners / packages: Works with Pest Infestation, Sedgemoor Witch, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Army of the Damned, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Warren Soultrader, Zulaport Cutthroat, and Blood Artist.
- Role peers: Shamanic Revelation draws from wide boards; Grim Backwoods converts creatures at higher mana cost.
- Failure modes: Do not equip to a key 1-toughness engine or mana source unless drawing two is worth losing it; it does not draw until the equipped creature dies.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Premium against removal and sweepers; vulnerable to artifact hate, so consider Reclamation Sage/Krosan Grip opponents' artifact answers after sideboarding.

#### Chomping Changeling
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, creature-based artifact/enchantment answer and flex slot.
- Role type: interaction-removal; sideboard bullet; role glue.
- Deck-specific job: Destroys up to one target artifact or enchantment on entry while leaving a creature body for Skullclamp, Diabolic Intent, Deadly Brew, Circle of Dreams Druid, and Craterhoof Behemoth; changeling means it is every creature type for any type-sensitive effects.
- Timing: Hold until a meaningful artifact or enchantment appears unless you need a three-mana body to bridge into Circle of Dreams Druid or sacrifice fodder.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes three mana; outputs a 1/2 creature and optional artifact/enchantment destruction.
- Partners / packages: Answers the same permanent classes as Pest Infestation, Casualties of War, Golgari Charm's enchantment mode, Force of Vigor, Krosan Grip, and Reclamation Sage.
- Role peers: Reclamation Sage is a sideboard peer with a similar ETB; Krosan Grip is instant and split second; Force of Vigor can answer two targets.
- Failure modes: Do not fire the ETB at a minor mana rock if a lock artifact/enchantment is likely; the body is low impact without a target.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Better against artifact/enchantment engines; often cut for Force of Vigor, Krosan Grip, or Reclamation Sage when those answers are more efficient.

#### Tendershoot Dryad
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, core upkeep token engine.
- Role type: engine piece; mechanic payoff; threat/clock.
- Deck-specific job: Creates a 1/1 green Saproling on each upkeep and gives Saprolings +2/+2 while you have the city's blessing, building bodies for Skullclamp, Circle of Dreams Druid, Second Harvest, Mirkwood Bats, Craterhoof Behemoth, Blood Artist, and Zulaport Cutthroat.
- Timing: Cast when it is likely to survive at least one table cycle or when protection is available; prioritize after reaching or approaching ten permanents so ascend quickly turns Saprolings into real attackers/blockers.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes five mana; outputs repeated Saproling tokens and a permanent city's blessing status once you control ten or more permanents.
- Partners / packages: Works with Second Harvest, Skullclamp, Mirkwood Bats, Circle of Dreams Druid, Craterhoof Behemoth, Heroic Intervention, and Golgari Charm regeneration.
- Role peers: Beledros Witherbloom and Scute Swarm are other repeated token engines.
- Failure modes: Slow if removed before the next upkeep; Saproling anthem applies only while you have city's blessing, not before.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Excellent against slow midrange; against control, bait removal first or hold Heroic Intervention/Golgari Charm.

#### Dina's Guidance
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, instant-speed creature tutor/search.
- Role type: tutor/search; card selection; role glue.
- Deck-specific job: Searches your library for a creature card, reveals it, and puts it into your hand or graveyard, letting you find Witherbloom Apprentice for Chain of Smog, Craterhoof Behemoth for lethal, Eternal Witness for recursion, Circle of Dreams Druid for mana, Chatterfang, Squirrel General for tokens/removal, or a graveyard target for Cauldron of Essence.
- Timing: Use at instant speed before your turn when you know whether you need payoff, protection-adjacent body, mana, or recursion; put the creature into graveyard only when Cauldron of Essence, Eternal Witness, Emeritus of Abundance, Finale of Eternity, or Noxious Revival can exploit it.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes three mana; outputs a revealed creature to hand or graveyard.
- Partners / packages: Finds Witherbloom Apprentice, Craterhoof Behemoth, Eternal Witness, Circle of Dreams Druid, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Sedgemoor Witch, Blood Artist, and Zulaport Cutthroat.
- Role peers: Formidable Speaker searches creatures with a discard cost; Demonic Tutor and Diabolic Intent search any card.
- Failure modes: Do not bin the creature without a live recursion plan; revealing gives opponents information.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong when you need a specific creature line; against graveyard hate, prefer hand over graveyard.

#### Dark Ritual
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, burst black mana resource.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; combo enabler; role glue.
- Deck-specific job: Converts one black mana into `{B}{B}{B}` for early Witherbloom Apprentice plus Chain of Smog setup, Diabolic Intent, Demonic Tutor, Sedgemoor Witch, Feed the Swarm plus follow-up, Exsanguinate scaling, or faster Final Act/In Garruk's Wake turns.
- Timing: Cast only when the mana is spent immediately on a meaningful spell sequence; save if current use is just a medium creature and later use powers a finisher or protected tutor turn.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes one black card and `{B}`; outputs three black mana for the current step/phase.
- Partners / packages: Enables Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Witherbloom Apprentice, Chain of Smog, Exsanguinate, Final Act, In Garruk's Wake, and Sedgemoor Witch magecraft.
- Role peers: Cabal Ritual is similar and scales with threshold; Sol Ring and Arcane Signet are persistent acceleration.
- Failure modes: Ritual mana disappearing without a payoff is a major loss; black mana does not pay green-heavy costs like Craterhoof Behemoth's `{G}{G}{G}`.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong when racing combo or forcing a decisive turn; weaker against open counterspell mana unless protected by Dosan the Falling Leaf or Veil of Summer.

#### Sprout Swarm
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, instant token engine and buyback mana sink.
- Role type: engine piece; mechanic enabler; engine fuel/material.
- Deck-specific job: Creates Saproling tokens at instant speed, with convoke letting existing creatures pay and buyback `{3}` letting it return to hand as it resolves, feeding Tendershoot Dryad's Saproling anthem, Mirkwood Bats, Skullclamp, Circle of Dreams Druid, Craterhoof Behemoth, Blood Artist, and Zulaport Cutthroat.
- Timing: Cast end step for low-risk material, in combat for a blocker if needed, or with buyback when extra mana/creatures make repeated tokens better than spending the card.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{1}{G}`, optional creature taps through convoke, and optional buyback `{3}`; outputs a 1/1 green Saproling and may return to hand.
- Mode map: Normal cast creates one Saproling and goes to graveyard; buyback cast creates one Saproling and returns Sprout Swarm to hand on resolution; convoke can reduce costs by tapping creatures.
- Partners / packages: Pairs with Tendershoot Dryad, Mirkwood Bats, Skullclamp, Circle of Dreams Druid, Second Harvest, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, and Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Role peers: Awaken the Woods and Pest Infestation make larger bursts; Tendershoot Dryad repeats tokens without spending mana each time.
- Failure modes: Tapping creatures for convoke can remove blockers or attackers; buyback is poor if it prevents casting protection or removal.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Excellent in grindy games and against control end steps; against aggro, keep mana open only if a token blocker changes combat.

#### Assassin's Trophy
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, premium instant universal removal.
- Role type: interaction-removal.
- Deck-specific job: Destroys target permanent an opponent controls, covering commanders, combo engines, planeswalkers, lands, artifacts, enchantments, creatures, and hate pieces that stop Witherbloom's token/drain plan.
- Timing: Hold for the permanent that beats your next decisive turn; use earlier if a lethal attacker, lock piece, graveyard engine, or combo permanent will snowball before you untap.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{B}{G}` and one card; destroys target opponent permanent and lets its controller may search for a basic land onto the battlefield.
- Partners / packages: Complements Feed the Swarm for creatures/enchantments, Casualties of War for multi-type destruction, Putrefy after sideboarding for artifact/creature instant removal, and Pithing Needle for activated abilities.
- Role peers: Feed the Swarm is sorcery and narrower; Putrefy misses enchantments/planeswalkers/lands but does not ramp opponent.
- Failure modes: Giving a basic land is dangerous against big-mana or color-screwed opponents; do not spend it on low-impact targets while a known engine remains.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: High priority against single-engine decks; in multiplayer, consider whether ramping one opponent helps another threat become worse.

#### Demonic Tutor
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, core unrestricted tutor.
- Role type: tutor/search; combo tutor; card selection.
- Deck-specific job: Finds the missing role: Witherbloom Apprentice or Chain of Smog for the true combo line, Craterhoof Behemoth for wide-board lethal, Exsanguinate for big black mana, Heroic Intervention/Golgari Charm for protection, Assassin's Trophy/Final Act for survival, or Circle of Dreams Druid/Skullclamp for engine setup.
- Timing: Cast when the target will be used soon or when choosing now clarifies the turn; avoid early speculative tutoring if board information may change the needed answer.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes two mana and one card; outputs the best card from library to hand, then shuffle.
- Combo relevance: Primary deterministic use is finding whichever half of `Witherbloom Apprentice` plus `Chain of Smog` is missing; secondary kill searches are `Craterhoof Behemoth`, `Exsanguinate`, or `Genesis Wave` when mana and board already support them.
- Combo importance: Preserve tutor choice until the same turn or turn cycle the target matters unless survival requires `Assassin's Trophy`, `Final Act`, `Heroic Intervention`, or `Golgari Charm` immediately.
- Partners / packages: Finds Chain of Smog, Witherbloom Apprentice, Craterhoof Behemoth, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Heroic Intervention, Assassin's Trophy, Bojuka Bog, or Skullclamp.
- Role peers: Diabolic Intent is equivalent search with sacrifice cost; Splinter's Technique can tutor with sneak; Emeritus of Woe provides a prepared Demonic Tutor copy.
- Failure modes: Standalone reference metadata is missing, but the Emeritus of Woe face supplies Demonic Tutor text; keep any text-sensitive claim to that provided search-to-hand text.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Against combo, tutor disruption first unless your own kill is ready; against control, tutor protection before the payoff.

#### Diabolic Intent
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, sacrifice-cost unrestricted tutor.
- Role type: tutor/search; combo tutor; engine fuel/material.
- Deck-specific job: Turns expendable creatures into any card, usually Chain of Smog, Witherbloom Apprentice, Exsanguinate, Craterhoof Behemoth, Heroic Intervention, Assassin's Trophy, Skullclamp, or a sweeper.
- Timing: Cast when sacrificing a Pest, Saproling, Insect, Squirrel, Zombie, redundant mana creature, or doomed blocker is acceptable; wait if the only available creature is Circle of Dreams Druid, Witherbloom Apprentice, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, or the only blocker preventing lethal.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{1}{B}`, one card, and a creature sacrificed as an additional cost; outputs any card to hand.
- Partners / packages: Sacrifice fodder from Sedgemoor Witch, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Army of the Damned, Pest Infestation, and Sprout Swarm; death payoffs Blood Artist and Zulaport Cutthroat.
- Role peers: Demonic Tutor has no sacrifice cost; Formidable Speaker and Dina's Guidance search only creatures.
- Failure modes: Additional cost is paid before resolution, so losing the spell to counter magic still costs the creature; do not sacrifice a core engine unless the searched card wins or saves you.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong with disposable tokens and drain payoffs; risky into blue control without Dosan the Falling Leaf or Veil of Summer.

#### Nature's Rhythm
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, scalable creature search-to-battlefield spell.
- Role type: tutor/search; mechanic enabler; engine piece.
- Deck-specific job: Searches a creature with mana value X or less directly onto the battlefield, finding setup creatures at low X or finishers like Craterhoof Behemoth at high X; harmonize gives a graveyard recast path if you can pay `{X}{G}{G}{G}{G}` and reduce generic cost by tapping a creature's power.
- Timing: Use X to match the needed creature: X=2 for Witherbloom Apprentice, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, or Orcish Bowmasters; X=3 for Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Sedgemoor Witch, Eternal Witness, Circle of Dreams Druid, Formidable Speaker, or Scute Swarm; X=8 for Craterhoof Behemoth when board is lethal.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes X plus green mana; outputs a creature from library to battlefield, then shuffle.
- Mode map: Normal cast searches a mana-value-X-or-less creature to battlefield; harmonize casts from graveyard for `{X}{G}{G}{G}{G}`, may tap a creature to reduce generic mana by its power, then exiles the spell.
- Partners / packages: Targets Witherbloom Apprentice, Craterhoof Behemoth, Eternal Witness, Circle of Dreams Druid, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Sedgemoor Witch, and Tendershoot Dryad.
- Role peers: Finale of Eternity is creature removal/recursion, not a tutor; Dina's Guidance finds a creature to hand or graveyard.
- Failure modes: X must be large enough for the creature's mana value; harmonize exiles this spell after use.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Excellent when a single creature role wins; vulnerable to graveyard hate before harmonize.

#### Splinter's Technique
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, tutor with sneak alternate access.
- Role type: tutor/search; mechanic enabler; card selection.
- Deck-specific job: Searches any card to hand, with sneak letting you cast it for `{1}{B}` during declare blockers if you return an unblocked attacker you control to hand, turning a small unblocked token or mana creature into a discounted tutor.
- Timing: Normal cast when you need a specific card and have four mana; use sneak only when returning the unblocked attacker is cheaper than paying four and does not lose a decisive combat trigger or lethal damage.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes four mana normally, or `{1}{B}` plus returning an unblocked attacker during declare blockers; outputs any card to hand, then shuffle.
- Mode map: Normal sorcery-speed tutor costs `{3}{B}`; sneak alternate cost works in declare blockers with an unblocked attacker returned to hand.
- Partners / packages: Finds Chain of Smog, Witherbloom Apprentice, Craterhoof Behemoth, Exsanguinate, Heroic Intervention, Assassin's Trophy, Genesis Wave, or Bojuka Bog.
- Role peers: Demonic Tutor is cheaper and unconditional; Diabolic Intent costs a sacrificed creature.
- Failure modes: Sneak can erase combat damage or prepared/combat triggers from the returned attacker; do not use sneak if the attacker was delivering lethal or enabling Stensian Sanguinist.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong in board stalls where one small attacker slips through; weaker when opponents can block everything.

#### Exsanguinate
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, core big-mana drain finisher.
- Role type: reach/finisher; lifegain/stabilization; engine payoff.
- Deck-specific job: Converts black mana bursts from Dark Ritual, Cabal Ritual, Circle of Dreams Druid plus fixing, Beledros Witherbloom land untap, Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, Treasures from Warren Soultrader, and normal land development into each-opponent life loss and a huge life gain.
- Timing: Fire when X kills the table, stabilizes against lethal pressure, or puts opponents within drain/combat range; wait if one more turn of Circle of Dreams Druid or Beledros Witherbloom produces a lethal X and you can survive.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{X}{B}{B}`; outputs each opponent losing X life and you gaining life equal to life lost this way.
- Partners / packages: Works with Dark Ritual, Cabal Ritual, Beledros Witherbloom, Circle of Dreams Druid, Witherbloom, the Balancer, Boseiju, Who Shelters All, and Dosan the Falling Leaf.
- Role peers: Stensian Sanguinist can provide a prepared Exsanguinate copy; Craterhoof Behemoth is the combat finisher peer.
- Failure modes: Standalone reference metadata is missing, but Stensian Sanguinist's Exsanguinate face supplies the text used here; do not assume uncounterability unless Boseiju, Who Shelters All or another legal shield applies.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Best against stalled boards, burn races, and multiplayer life totals; weak if black sources are constrained.

#### Final Act
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, flexible sweeper/reset.
- Role type: interaction-sweeper; modal utility; hate piece.
- Deck-specific job: Can choose creature destruction, planeswalker destruction, battle destruction, graveyard exile, and/or making each opponent lose their counters, letting you tailor a reset around your own board and the public threat.
- Timing: Use when the selected modes leave you better than the table or prevent an immediate loss; hold if In Garruk's Wake, Arachnogenesis, or targeted removal preserves your engine more cleanly.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes six mana; outputs one or more global effects chosen on cast.
- Mode map: Creature mode resets creature boards; planeswalker mode clears planeswalkers; battle mode clears battles; graveyard mode exiles graveyards across the table; counter mode strips each opponent's counters.
- Partners / packages: Blood Artist profits from all creature deaths, while Zulaport Cutthroat profits from your creatures dying; Eternal Witness and Emeritus of Abundance can rebuy after the wipe.
- Role peers: In Garruk's Wake is asymmetric but costs nine; Culling Ritual clears small nonland permanents after sideboarding.
- Failure modes: Can destroy your own creatures if creature mode is chosen; graveyard mode also exiles your Eternal Witness and Cauldron of Essence targets.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against creature swarms, planeswalker piles, graveyard engines, and counter-based opponents; choose only relevant modes.

#### Casualties of War
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, multi-permanent sorcery answer.
- Role type: interaction-removal; modal utility.
- Deck-specific job: Destroys target artifact, creature, enchantment, land, and/or planeswalker, letting one spell break several different axes that stop your token/drain engine.
- Timing: Cast when you have at least two meaningful targets or when one target is game-critical; avoid using six mana for a low-value one-for-one unless survival requires it.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{2}{B}{B}{G}{G}`; outputs chosen destruction effects with legal targets for each selected type.
- Mode map: Artifact mode hits target artifact; creature mode hits target creature; enchantment mode hits target enchantment; land mode hits target land; planeswalker mode hits target planeswalker.
- Partners / packages: Complements Assassin's Trophy, Feed the Swarm, Pest Infestation, Final Act, Putrefy, Krosan Grip, and Reclamation Sage.
- Role peers: Assassin's Trophy is cheaper instant single-target; Pest Infestation hits multiple artifacts/enchantments and creates Pests.
- Failure modes: Requires exact target classes; do not choose a mode without a legal target or waste it into protection.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: High value against artifact/enchantment/planeswalker boards and utility lands; slower against fast creature pressure unless it removes the key threat.

#### Pest Infestation
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, artifact/enchantment removal and token burst.
- Role type: interaction-removal; engine piece; lifegain/stabilization.
- Deck-specific job: Destroys up to X target artifacts and/or enchantments and creates twice X Pest tokens, so it both answers problem permanents and feeds Mirkwood Bats, Skullclamp, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Circle of Dreams Druid, Second Harvest, and Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Timing: Use X for meaningful targets or when the Pest count itself enables lethal/draw/sacrifice; avoid casting into no targets unless rules engine allows X=0 and the spell does nothing useful.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{X}{X}{G}` and targetable artifacts/enchantments; outputs destruction plus two 1/1 black and green Pests per X, each with death lifegain.
- Partners / packages: Works with Mirkwood Bats, Skullclamp, Zulaport Cutthroat, Blood Artist, Second Harvest, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, and Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Role peers: Force of Vigor, Krosan Grip, Reclamation Sage, Casualties of War, and Chomping Changeling answer similar permanent classes.
- Failure modes: X determines both targets and Pest count; do not overpay if extra Pest bodies do not matter and protection/removal mana is needed.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Premium against artifact/enchantment engines; also stabilizes races through Pest death life.

#### Deadly Brew
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, sacrifice edict and recursion role player.
- Role type: interaction-removal; recursion; engine fuel/material.
- Deck-specific job: Makes each player sacrifice a creature or planeswalker of their choice; if you sacrificed a permanent this way, you may return another permanent card from your graveyard to hand, turning tokens into pressure on opposing commanders or single threats.
- Timing: Use when opponents have few expendable bodies or when your sacrificed token buys back Skullclamp, Cauldron of Essence, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Eternal Witness, or a key land; avoid when opponents can sacrifice a worthless token and you must sacrifice an engine.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{B}{G}` and your sacrificed permanent if applicable; outputs each-player sacrifice and possible permanent recursion.
- Partners / packages: Good with Pests, Saprolings, Squirrels, Insects, Zombies, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Skullclamp, and Eternal Witness.
- Role peers: Feed the Swarm targets creature/enchantment directly; Assassin's Trophy hits any opponent permanent but ramps.
- Failure modes: Opponent chooses what they sacrifice; does not reliably kill a protected key creature if they have fodder.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against single-threat decks and indestructible-style boards; weak against token swarms unless recursion matters.

#### Feed the Swarm
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, black sorcery creature/enchantment removal.
- Role type: interaction-removal.
- Deck-specific job: Destroys target creature or enchantment an opponent controls, covering enchantments that black-green may otherwise need specific answers for while also removing key creatures.
- Timing: Use on enchantments or creatures that stop your engine, threaten lethal, or enable combo; preserve life total if the target's mana value would put you in burn/combat range.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{1}{B}` and life equal to the destroyed permanent's mana value; outputs destruction of target opponent creature or enchantment.
- Partners / packages: Complements Assassin's Trophy, Deadly Brew, Golgari Charm enchantment mode, Casualties of War, Putrefy, and Krosan Grip.
- Role peers: Assassin's Trophy is instant and broader; Putrefy is instant but cannot hit enchantments; Krosan Grip hits artifacts/enchantments after sideboarding.
- Failure modes: Sorcery timing means it cannot answer combat tricks or end-step threats; life loss is real against aggro and burn.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: High priority against lock enchantments and must-kill commanders; avoid low-value use if a scarier enchantment is likely.

#### Cultivate
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, basic-land ramp and fixing.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; card selection.
- Deck-specific job: Searches up to two basic lands, reveals them, puts one onto the battlefield tapped and one into hand, fixing Forest/Swamp balance for early engines and big black/green finishers.
- Timing: Cast early when it ensures land drops and colors; later, use before landfall only if Scute Swarm timing or tapped-land sequencing matters less than hitting the land count.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes three mana; outputs one tapped Forest or Swamp onto battlefield and one Forest or Swamp to hand, then shuffle.
- Partners / packages: Supports Scute Swarm landfall, Emeritus of Abundance eight-land threshold, Exsanguinate black pips, Genesis Wave green pips, and Witherbloom, the Balancer commander tax.
- Role peers: Verdant Catacombs and Terramorphic Expanse fix lands; Arcane Signet and Sol Ring ramp without increasing land count.
- Failure modes: Cannot find nonbasic lands such as Bojuka Bog, Command Tower, or Haunted Mire; battlefield land enters tapped.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong in keepable ramp hands; against fast pressure, make sure turn three Cultivate does not skip needed removal.

#### Cauldron of Essence
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, artifact drain engine and sorcery-speed reanimation outlet.
- Role type: engine piece; recursion; lifegain/stabilization.
- Deck-specific job: Drains each opponent and gains you 1 whenever a creature you control dies, then can sacrifice a creature at sorcery speed to return target creature card from your graveyard to battlefield.
- Timing: Cast before planned sacrifice or wipe exchanges; activate only when the sacrificed creature is expendable and the reanimated creature changes the board.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes three mana to cast; activated ability consumes `{1}{B}{G}`, tapping Cauldron, and a sacrificed creature, then returns target creature card from your graveyard to battlefield.
- Partners / packages: Reanimates Craterhoof Behemoth, Beledros Witherbloom, Eternal Witness, Witherbloom Apprentice, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, or Circle of Dreams Druid; sacrifices Pests, Saprolings, Squirrels, Insects, and Zombies.
- Role peers: Eternal Witness and Emeritus of Abundance recur to hand; Finale of Eternity at X>=10 returns all creature cards from graveyard to battlefield.
- Failure modes: Activate only as a sorcery, so it cannot surprise-block or respond to removal; graveyard hate can remove the target.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong in attrition and after sweepers; vulnerable to artifact removal and graveyard exile.

#### Arcane Signet
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, two-mana color-fixing mana rock.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Adds one mana of any color in Witherbloom, the Balancer's black-green color identity, smoothing black for tutors/drain and green for engines/protection.
- Timing: Cast early when it accelerates into three- to five-mana engines; later, play before big turns if it increases Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, or Casualties of War mana.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes two generic mana; outputs repeatable black or green mana.
- Partners / packages: Supports Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Witherbloom Apprentice, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Cultivate, Heroic Intervention, and Exsanguinate.
- Role peers: Sol Ring is faster but colorless; Command Tower and Birds of Paradise also fix both colors.
- Failure modes: Artifact removal can set back mana; do not keep land-light hands that rely on Signet without a way to cast it.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong in most openers; against Culling Ritual-like effects, remember it is a low-mana-value nonland permanent.

#### Sol Ring
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, fast colorless mana resource.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Accelerates Skullclamp plus equip, Arcane Signet, Cultivate, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Tendershoot Dryad, In Garruk's Wake, Army of the Damned, Genesis Wave generic costs, and commander recasts.
- Timing: Usually cast turn one when available; sequence with colored sources so black/green pips remain payable.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes one generic mana; outputs `{C}{C}`.
- Partners / packages: Supports Arcane Signet, Skullclamp, Cultivate, Sprout Swarm buyback, Final Act, Casualties of War, Genesis Wave, and In Garruk's Wake.
- Role peers: Arcane Signet fixes colors; Viridescent Bog filters into `{B}{G}`; Twilight Mire converts black/green input into double colors.
- Failure modes: Does not produce black or green; hands with Sol Ring but no colored source can still fail.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: High-value opener against all archetypes; may draw artifact removal that otherwise would hit Skullclamp or Cauldron of Essence.

#### Shamanic Revelation
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, wide-board draw payoff and life buffer.
- Role type: card selection; engine payoff; lifegain/stabilization.
- Deck-specific job: Draws a card for each creature you control and, with ferocious, gains 4 life for each creature you control with power 4 or greater, rewarding token boards and large bodies from Craterhoof Behemoth, Beledros Witherbloom, Emeritus of Woe, Ezuri's Predation, and Allosaurus Shepherd activation.
- Timing: Cast when you have enough creatures to refill, usually three-plus if seeking lands/protection or five-plus for a major reload; precombat if drawn cards can change attacks or protection.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes five mana; outputs cards equal to your creature count and possible life from power-4+ creatures.
- Partners / packages: Works with Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Army of the Damned, Awaken the Woods, Ezuri's Predation, and Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Role peers: Skullclamp is repeatable sacrifice-based draw; Grim Backwoods is slower single-card conversion.
- Failure modes: Poor into an empty board; does not draw from noncreature tokens like Treasure.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Great after establishing board against control; against aggro, the life mode matters only with power-4+ creatures.

#### Chain of Smog
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, combo piece and risky discard spell.
- Role type: combo enabler; interaction-discard.
- Deck-specific job: With Witherbloom Apprentice under your control, targeting yourself and repeatedly copying Chain of Smog can trigger magecraft enough times to drain opponents; without Apprentice, it is a high-risk discard exchange where target player discards two and may copy it with a new target.
- Timing: Commit only when Witherbloom Apprentice is present, legal self-target/copy prompts exist, life totals support lethal or decisive drain, and opposing instant-speed interaction is constrained by Dosan the Falling Leaf, Veil of Summer, Boseiju, Who Shelters All, or visible tapped mana.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{1}{B}` and hand resources if self-targeted; outputs magecraft triggers with Apprentice or discard pressure.
- Partners / packages: True combo partner is Witherbloom Apprentice; protection partners are Dosan the Falling Leaf, Veil of Summer, Heroic Intervention for permanent protection, Boseiju, Who Shelters All, and Allosaurus Shepherd only for green spells, not Chain.
- Role peers: Exsanguinate is the non-combo drain finisher; Demonic Tutor and Diabolic Intent find either combo half.
- Failure modes: Opponent or you may copy and retarget; starting without Apprentice can empty your hand for little gain.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against tapped-out tables; dangerous against blue/black interaction, instant removal for Apprentice, or hands that cannot afford discarding.

#### In Garruk's Wake
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, asymmetrical board reset.
- Role type: interaction-sweeper; reach/finisher.
- Deck-specific job: Destroys creatures you don't control and planeswalkers you don't control, preserving your token/drain board while clearing blockers and attackers for a lethal swing.
- Timing: Cast when your board survives and the cleared board converts to lethal, safety, or dominance; avoid if Final Act or Ezuri's Predation solves the problem for less mana.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes nine mana including two black; outputs opponent-only creature and planeswalker destruction.
- Partners / packages: Works with Blood Artist only for opposing creature deaths, Craterhoof Behemoth follow-up, Mirkwood Bats token boards, Circle of Dreams Druid mana, and Boseiju, Who Shelters All protection.
- Role peers: Final Act is flexible but can kill your creatures; Ezuri's Predation can remove creatures while adding Beasts.
- Failure modes: Does not destroy artifacts, enchantments, lands, battles, or your own harmful permanents; expensive and weak into counterspells without protection.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Excellent against creature and planeswalker boards; poor against combo/control with few creatures.

#### Delighted Halfling
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, one-mana mana creature and legendary-spell shield.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; protection/evasion.
- Deck-specific job: Adds colorless for general use or one mana of any color to cast a legendary spell, making Witherbloom, the Balancer, Beledros Witherbloom, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, and Dosan the Falling Leaf uncounterable when that mana is spent.
- Timing: Cast turn one when possible; use colored legendary mana on commander or key legendary engine turns rather than generic spells.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes one green; outputs `{C}` or restricted any-color mana for legendary spells with uncounterable rider.
- Partners / packages: Casts Witherbloom, the Balancer, Beledros Witherbloom, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Dosan the Falling Leaf, and can feed Circle of Dreams Druid/Craterhoof Behemoth as a body.
- Role peers: Birds of Paradise fixes any color for any spell but does not prevent counters; Allosaurus Shepherd protects green spells.
- Failure modes: Restricted colored mana cannot cast nonlegendary spells like Exsanguinate or Genesis Wave; colorless mode may not solve black/green pip needs.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: High priority against control; still useful as early acceleration versus everyone.

#### Boseiju, Who Shelters All
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, utility land for uncounterable instant/sorcery turns.
- Role type: protection/evasion; mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Enters tapped, then taps and pays 2 life for `{C}`; if spent on an instant or sorcery spell, that spell can't be countered, protecting Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Final Act, Casualties of War, Shamanic Revelation, Chain of Smog, Demonic Tutor, or Diabolic Intent from counterspells.
- Timing: Play early only if tapped colorless land does not block green/black development; use the 2-life ability for decisive spells, not routine setup when life is pressured.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes land drop tempo and 2 life per protected activation; outputs colorless mana and uncounterability for the instant/sorcery it pays for.
- Partners / packages: Protects Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Chain of Smog, Shamanic Revelation, Final Act, Casualties of War, Demonic Tutor, and Diabolic Intent.
- Role peers: Dosan the Falling Leaf restricts all players' casting; Veil of Summer protects against blue/black after sideboarding.
- Failure modes: Does not make black or green mana; cannot make creature spells uncounterable.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Excellent against counterspell decks; risky against burn or aggro because it enters tapped and costs life.

#### Arachnogenesis
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, instant combat prevention and token swing card.
- Role type: interaction-sweeper; lifegain/stabilization; engine fuel/material.
- Deck-specific job: Creates Spider tokens equal to the number of creatures attacking you and prevents all combat damage that would be dealt that turn by non-Spider creatures, turning an alpha strike into blockers/material for Circle of Dreams Druid, Skullclamp, Second Harvest, and Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Timing: Hold for lethal or near-lethal combat, or for a swing-back turn where the Spider count creates lethal math; do not spend on minor chip damage unless life total is critical.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes three mana at instant speed; outputs X 1/2 green Spider tokens with reach and prevents non-Spider combat damage for the turn.
- Partners / packages: Works with Mirkwood Bats, Skullclamp, Second Harvest, Circle of Dreams Druid, Craterhoof Behemoth, Blood Artist, and Zulaport Cutthroat.
- Role peers: Final Act and In Garruk's Wake reset boards at sorcery speed; Heroic Intervention protects but does not prevent opponent damage.
- Failure modes: Prevents your non-Spider combat damage too if used before your own combat damage; does not stop noncombat damage or Spider combat damage.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Premium against go-wide aggro and alpha strikes; less useful against combo or flyers dealing noncombat damage.

#### Birds of Paradise
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, one-mana flying color fixer.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; engine fuel/material.
- Deck-specific job: Adds one mana of any color, fixing black for tutors/drain and green for engines/protection while contributing a flying body for creature count and emergency blocks.
- Timing: Usually turn one when available; preserve unless sacrificing it unlocks a decisive Diabolic Intent, Skullclamp draw, or Warren Soultrader Treasure line.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes one green; outputs any color mana and a 0/1 flying creature.
- Partners / packages: Supports Witherbloom Apprentice, Diabolic Intent, Heroic Intervention, Assassin's Trophy, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, and Exsanguinate.
- Role peers: Delighted Halfling fixes legendary spells with uncounterability; Elves of Deep Shadow fixes black at life cost.
- Failure modes: Does not attack profitably; dies to small sweepers and Skullclamp equip due to -1 toughness.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against color pressure; can block small flyers only when preserving life matters more than mana.

#### Second Harvest
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, instant token multiplier.
- Role type: engine payoff; reach/finisher.
- Deck-specific job: Copies each token you control, doubling Pest Infestation Pests, Tendershoot Dryad Saprolings, Scute Swarm Insects/copies, Chatterfang Squirrels, Army of the Damned Zombies, Awaken the Woods Forest Dryads, Arachnogenesis Spiders, Treasure tokens, and Ezuri's Predation Beasts.
- Timing: Cast when token count makes Mirkwood Bats triggers, Skullclamp material, Circle of Dreams Druid mana, Craterhoof Behemoth lethal, or blockers decisive; avoid firing into one or two minor tokens unless survival depends on it.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes four mana at instant speed; outputs a copy of each token permanent you control.
- Partners / packages: Best with Mirkwood Bats, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Scute Swarm, Army of the Damned, Awaken the Woods, Pest Infestation, Tendershoot Dryad, and Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Role peers: Awaken the Woods and Army of the Damned create tokens from scratch; Second Harvest needs existing tokens.
- Failure modes: Does nothing without tokens; copying tapped tokens creates copies with default untapped status only if token-copy rules allow, but do not rely on haste.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Excellent end-step threat against control; against sweepers, hold until opponents tap out or protection is ready.

#### Army of the Damned
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, top-end token finisher.
- Role type: engine piece; reach/finisher; recursion.
- Deck-specific job: Creates thirteen tapped 2/2 black Zombie tokens, providing massive material for Mirkwood Bats, Skullclamp, Zulaport Cutthroat, Blood Artist, Circle of Dreams Druid, Second Harvest, and Craterhoof Behemoth; flashback gives a second wave from graveyard.
- Timing: Cast when tapped Zombies will survive to matter or when drain/token triggers are already valuable; avoid tapping out if opponents can win before the Zombies untap.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{5}{B}{B}{B}` or flashback `{7}{B}{B}{B}` from graveyard; outputs thirteen tapped Zombies, then exiles if cast by flashback.
- Mode map: Normal cast goes from hand to graveyard after resolving; flashback casts from graveyard for `{7}{B}{B}{B}` and exiles after resolution.
- Partners / packages: Works with Mirkwood Bats, Second Harvest, Skullclamp, Circle of Dreams Druid, Craterhoof Behemoth, Zulaport Cutthroat, and Blood Artist.
- Role peers: Awaken the Woods makes mana-capable Forest Dryads; Pest Infestation creates Pests while removing artifacts/enchantments.
- Failure modes: Tokens enter tapped and cannot block immediately; graveyard exile can stop flashback before you cast it.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong in attrition and post-wipe rebuilds; too slow against fast combo or lethal combat without Arachnogenesis.

#### Chatterfang, Squirrel General
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, core token multiplier and sacrifice removal engine.
- Role type: engine piece; interaction-removal; mechanic payoff.
- Deck-specific job: Doubles your token creation with that many 1/1 green Squirrel tokens and can sacrifice X Squirrels for `{B}` to give target creature +X/-X until end of turn, turning token engines into removal and lethal math.
- Timing: Cast before Pest Infestation, Tendershoot Dryad, Sedgemoor Witch, Sprout Swarm, Awaken the Woods, Army of the Damned, Second Harvest, or Scute Swarm when it is likely to survive; use sacrifice ability when removing a creature or pushing damage is worth losing Squirrels.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes three mana; outputs extra Squirrels from token creation and a black-mana sacrifice outlet for creature shrink/pump.
- Partners / packages: Works with Pest Infestation, Second Harvest, Scute Swarm, Tendershoot Dryad, Army of the Damned, Mirkwood Bats, Blood Artist, and Zulaport Cutthroat.
- Role peers: Tendershoot Dryad and Scute Swarm make tokens; Warren Soultrader is a broader sacrifice outlet for Treasures.
- Failure modes: Ability targets a creature and gives +X/-X, so it can fail against hexproof/shroud/protection; sacrificing Squirrels can shrink Craterhoof count.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Excellent against creature decks and token synergies; forestwalk matters only against defending players who control a Forest.

#### Finale of Eternity
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, scalable creature removal and late recursion finisher.
- Role type: interaction-removal; recursion; reach/finisher.
- Deck-specific job: Destroys up to three target creatures with toughness X or less; if X is 10 or more, returns all creature cards from your graveyard to the battlefield, converting late mana into removal plus a full rebuild.
- Timing: Use small X to stop key creatures when targets have low enough toughness; save for X>=10 when your graveyard contains Craterhoof Behemoth, Beledros Witherbloom, Witherbloom Apprentice, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Circle of Dreams Druid, or other high-impact creatures.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{X}{B}{B}`; outputs up to three creature kills and, at X>=10, mass creature reanimation from your graveyard.
- Partners / packages: Works with Dark Ritual, Cabal Ritual, Circle of Dreams Druid, Beledros Witherbloom, Eternal Witness, Cauldron of Essence, and self-milling/discard from Titan's Grave or Formidable Speaker.
- Role peers: Final Act sweeps; Cauldron of Essence reanimates one creature.
- Failure modes: Targets only creatures and checks toughness X or less; graveyard hate before resolution can reduce X>=10 payoff.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against creature-heavy boards and after sweepers; weak against artifact/enchantment combo.

#### Majestic Genesis
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, commander-scaling permanent burst.
- Role type: engine payoff; card selection; reach/finisher.
- Deck-specific job: Reveals top X cards where X is the greatest mana value of a commander you own on battlefield or command zone, then puts any number of permanent cards from among them onto the battlefield; Witherbloom, the Balancer's mana value 8 makes this a major permanent cheat effect.
- Timing: Cast when an eight-card reveal has enough permanent density to matter and when putting multiple permanents onto the battlefield beats holding removal/protection.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes eight mana; outputs any number of revealed permanents to battlefield and bottoms the rest in random order.
- Partners / packages: Hits permanents such as Craterhoof Behemoth, Beledros Witherbloom, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Skullclamp, Cauldron of Essence, lands, Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, and drain creatures.
- Role peers: Genesis Wave also puts permanents onto battlefield but scales with X and mills unchosen cards; Shamanic Revelation draws rather than deploys.
- Failure modes: Nonpermanent hits like Exsanguinate, Final Act, Demonic Tutor, and Heroic Intervention go to bottom, not hand; weak if commander ownership/status is not exposed as expected.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against midrange/control if protected; poor when you need a specific instant/sorcery answer.

#### Deathrite Shaman
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, graveyard utility mana creature.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; hate piece; reach/finisher; lifegain/stabilization.
- Deck-specific job: Exiles land cards from graveyards for any-color mana, instants/sorceries for each-opponent 2 life loss, or creature cards for 2 life gain, giving ramp, reach, and graveyard pressure when targets exist.
- Timing: Deploy early if fetch lands or graveyard cards are likely; activate based on the public graveyard card that matters most, not just the first legal target.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes one hybrid black/green; abilities consume tapping and a target land, instant/sorcery, or creature card from a graveyard, plus `{B}` or `{G}` for the latter two.
- Mode map: Land-exile mode adds any color; instant/sorcery-exile mode costs `{B}` and drains each opponent for 2; creature-exile mode costs `{G}` and gains you 2 life.
- Partners / packages: Works with Verdant Catacombs, Terramorphic Expanse, Titan's Grave surveil, Formidable Speaker discard, Bojuka Bog timing, Nihil Spellbomb, and Scavenging Ooze.
- Role peers: Scavenging Ooze is repeatable creature-card graveyard hate; Bojuka Bog and Nihil Spellbomb are broad graveyard exile.
- Failure modes: Not guaranteed ramp without a land card in any graveyard; exiling your own targets can weaken Eternal Witness, Cauldron of Essence, or Finale of Eternity.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against fetch lands, spellslinger, recursion, and burn races.

#### Awaken the Woods
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, scalable token-land ramp burst.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; engine piece; mechanic payoff.
- Deck-specific job: Creates X 1/1 green Forest Dryad land creature tokens that are affected by summoning sickness, increasing creature count, land count, Forest count, and token count for Witherbloom, the Balancer, Arbor Elf targets, Circle of Dreams Druid, Scute Swarm landfall, Mirkwood Bats, Second Harvest, and Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Timing: Cast when X creates enough future mana or token mass to justify a sorcery-speed investment; before Scute Swarm if landfall triggers matter and after Chatterfang, Squirrel General if extra Squirrels matter.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{X}{G}{G}`; outputs X 1/1 Forest Dryad land creature tokens with summoning sickness.
- Partners / packages: Works with Mirkwood Bats, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Scute Swarm, Second Harvest, Arbor Elf, Circle of Dreams Druid, Craterhoof Behemoth, and Shamanic Revelation.
- Role peers: Army of the Damned makes more bodies but tapped and not lands; Pest Infestation makes Pests while answering artifacts/enchantments.
- Failure modes: Tokens are vulnerable to creature sweepers and land-hate effects; they cannot tap for mana the turn they enter unless they have haste.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong in ramp mirrors and setup turns; risky into imminent creature sweepers.

#### Ezuri's Predation
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, creature-board swing and token maker.
- Role type: interaction-sweeper; engine piece; reach/finisher.
- Deck-specific job: For each creature your opponents control, creates a 4/4 green Phyrexian Beast token and each fights a different one of those creatures, potentially clearing boards while leaving large bodies for Shamanic Revelation, Craterhoof Behemoth, Second Harvest, and Circle of Dreams Druid.
- Timing: Cast when fight matchups kill enough opposing creatures or leave enough 4/4s to stabilize; avoid when deathtouch, damage prevention, or larger creatures make fights unfavorable.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes eight mana including three green; outputs 4/4 Phyrexian Beast tokens and fight damage against different opposing creatures.
- Partners / packages: Works with Blood Artist, Mirkwood Bats, Second Harvest, Shamanic Revelation, Craterhoof Behemoth, and Heroic Intervention if combat/fight damage context matters.
- Role peers: In Garruk's Wake clears opposing creatures without fighting; Final Act can choose a creature-destruction mode.
- Failure modes: Fight damage can kill your new Beasts; it does not target artifacts/enchantments or planeswalkers.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against opposing creature swarms; weak against boards with only a few giant threats or noncreature combo.

#### Elves of Deep Shadow
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, one-mana black-producing mana creature.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; engine fuel/material.
- Deck-specific job: Turns early green into black access for Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Witherbloom Apprentice, Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Feed the Swarm, Chain of Smog, and Exsanguinate.
- Timing: Cast turn one when black is needed soon; manage the 1 damage to you when racing burn or aggro.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes one green; taps for `{B}` and deals 1 damage to you.
- Partners / packages: Supports Witherbloom Apprentice, Chain of Smog, Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Feed the Swarm, Dark Ritual setup, and Exsanguinate.
- Role peers: Birds of Paradise fixes any color without life loss; Llanowar Elves, Elvish Mystic, and Fyndhorn Elves make green only.
- Failure modes: Repeated self-damage matters under pressure; does not make green for Heroic Intervention or Genesis Wave.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong in hands with green land and black spells; against burn, count life before tapping.

#### Fyndhorn Elves
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, one-mana green mana resource.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; engine fuel/material.
- Deck-specific job: Accelerates green-heavy starts into Cultivate, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Circle of Dreams Druid, Tendershoot Dryad, Genesis Wave, and Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Timing: Cast on turn one when legal; preserve while green mana or creature count matters for the next high-impact turn.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{G}`; outputs repeatable `{G}` and a creature body.
- Partners / packages: Works with Circle of Dreams Druid, Shamanic Revelation, Diabolic Intent, Skullclamp, Craterhoof Behemoth, and Witherbloom, the Balancer affinity.
- Role peers: Llanowar Elves and Elvish Mystic are direct peers; Arbor Elf depends on Forest targets.
- Failure modes: Does not fix black; do not trade it off if it strands Feed the Swarm, Diabolic Intent, or Witherbloom Apprentice follow-up due to total mana shortage.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong keep component; weak to sweepers that punish overcommitting mana creatures.

#### Circle of Dreams Druid
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, core creature-count mana engine.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; engine piece.
- Deck-specific job: Adds `{G}` for each creature you control, converting token boards from Sedgemoor Witch, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Awaken the Woods, Pest Infestation, Army of the Damned, and Sprout Swarm into Genesis Wave, Craterhoof Behemoth, Pest Infestation, and large green turns.
- Timing: Cast when you already have multiple creatures or can protect it; do not expose it as the only plan into obvious removal unless baiting removal is acceptable.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{G}{G}{G}`; outputs green mana equal to creature count when tapped.
- Partners / packages: Works with Awaken the Woods, Second Harvest, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Craterhoof Behemoth, Genesis Wave, and Shamanic Revelation.
- Role peers: Beledros Witherbloom untaps lands for life; Sol Ring/Arcane Signet are smaller but harder to kill.
- Failure modes: Triple green can be hard through black-heavy lands; summoning sickness delays mana unless another effect grants haste.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Must-protect against removal-heavy decks; decisive against big-mana races when creature count is high.

#### Genesis Wave
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, scalable permanent flood finisher.
- Role type: engine payoff; card selection; reach/finisher.
- Deck-specific job: Reveals top X cards and puts any number of permanent cards with mana value X or less onto the battlefield, turning big mana into engines, lands, drain pieces, token makers, and finishers.
- Timing: Cast when X is large enough to hit meaningful permanents, usually X>=5 for Tendershoot Dryad and many engines or X>=8 for top-end bodies; small X only if desperate for lands/material.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{X}{G}{G}{G}`; outputs eligible permanents to battlefield and puts nondeployed revealed cards into graveyard.
- Partners / packages: Powered by Circle of Dreams Druid, Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, Beledros Witherbloom, Awaken the Woods, Cultivate, and Witherbloom, the Balancer affinity only if commander grants it to instant/sorcery spells.
- Role peers: Majestic Genesis uses commander mana value and hits permanents regardless of their mana value from revealed cards; Shamanic Revelation draws instead.
- Failure modes: Nonpermanents such as Exsanguinate, Final Act, Demonic Tutor, and Heroic Intervention go to graveyard; X too small misses high-mana permanents.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against midrange if protected; against graveyard hate, graveyard fallout may be less reusable.

#### Sedgemoor Witch
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, magecraft token engine.
- Role type: engine piece; mechanic payoff; threat/clock.
- Deck-specific job: Creates a 1/1 black and green Pest with death lifegain whenever you cast or copy an instant or sorcery, so tutors, rituals, removal, Sprout Swarm, Chain of Smog copies, Shamanic Revelation, Pest Infestation, Genesis Wave, and protection spells build material.
- Timing: Cast before a multi-spell turn if it is likely to survive; ward taxing 3 life makes opposing targeted removal costly but not impossible.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes three mana; outputs menace body, ward pressure, and Pest tokens from instant/sorcery casts or copies.
- Partners / packages: Works with Chain of Smog, Witherbloom Apprentice, Dark Ritual, Cabal Ritual, Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Sprout Swarm, Pest Infestation, Skullclamp, and Mirkwood Bats.
- Role peers: Tendershoot Dryad makes upkeep tokens; Scute Swarm makes landfall tokens.
- Failure modes: Does not trigger from creature/artifact/land plays; opponent can pay 3 life to remove it with targeted spells or abilities.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against removal-light control and spell-chain turns; weaker into sweepers or edict effects.

#### Witherbloom Apprentice
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, core magecraft drain combo piece.
- Role type: combo finisher; engine payoff; lifegain/stabilization.
- Deck-specific job: Magecraft drains each opponent for 1 and gains you 1 whenever you cast or copy an instant or sorcery; with Chain of Smog repeatedly copied targeting yourself, it can produce lethal drain if the loop remains legal.
- Timing: Deploy when you can trigger it soon or protect a Chain of Smog turn; avoid exposing it early into removal if it is your only combo half and no value spell follows.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{B}{G}`; outputs each-opponent drain and your life gain per instant/sorcery cast or copy.
- Partners / packages: True combo partner is Chain of Smog; value partners include Dark Ritual, Cabal Ritual, Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Sprout Swarm, Assassin's Trophy, Pest Infestation, Shamanic Revelation, and Genesis Wave.
- Role peers: Blood Artist and Zulaport Cutthroat drain from deaths; Mirkwood Bats drains from token creation/sacrifice.
- Failure modes: Dies to removal before Chain of Smog resolves/copies; magecraft does not trigger from creature or artifact casts.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Priority target for opponents with black/blue interaction; sideboard Veil of Summer and Noxious Revival protect or recover the line.

#### Warren Soultrader
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, sacrifice-to-Treasure engine.
- Role type: engine piece; engine fuel/material; mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Pays 1 life and sacrifices another creature to create a Treasure token, converting Pests, Saprolings, Squirrels, Insects, Zombies, or redundant mana creatures into any-color mana, Mirkwood Bats triggers, Blood Artist/Zulaport Cutthroat triggers, and big Exsanguinate/Genesis Wave turns.
- Timing: Use when the Treasure enables an immediate tutor, protection spell, finisher, or stabilizing removal; avoid repetitive sacrifices if life total or board count is the actual bottleneck.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes 1 life and another creature per activation; outputs a Treasure token that taps and sacrifices for one mana of any color.
- Partners / packages: Works with Mirkwood Bats, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Skullclamp, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Pest Infestation, Tendershoot Dryad, and Exsanguinate.
- Role peers: Grim Backwoods sacrifices creatures for cards; Diabolic Intent sacrifices once for any card.
- Failure modes: Cannot sacrifice itself to its own ability because it says another creature; life payments can become lethal.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong in combo and big-mana turns; risky against burn or when sacrificing blockers opens lethal attacks.

#### Cabal Ritual
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, burst black ritual with threshold scaling.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; mechanic enabler; role glue.
- Deck-specific job: Adds `{B}{B}{B}`, or `{B}{B}{B}{B}{B}` if there are seven or more cards in your graveyard, powering tutors, Exsanguinate, Final Act, In Garruk's Wake, Chain of Smog turns, and multi-spell magecraft.
- Timing: Cast only when the mana converts immediately; threshold mode is worth preserving for a finisher if the graveyard is close to seven cards.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{1}{B}`; outputs three black mana, or five black mana with threshold.
- Partners / packages: Works with Exsanguinate, Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Witherbloom Apprentice, Chain of Smog, Sedgemoor Witch, Final Act, and In Garruk's Wake.
- Role peers: Dark Ritual is cheaper but always three black; Sol Ring and Arcane Signet persist.
- Failure modes: Threshold counts seven or more cards in your graveyard; graveyard hate can shrink output before you rely on it.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong in explosive turns; avoid spending it into open counterspells without Veil of Summer, Dosan the Falling Leaf, or Boseiju, Who Shelters All.

#### Dosan the Falling Leaf
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, anti-interaction legendary protection piece.
- Role type: protection/evasion; hate piece.
- Deck-specific job: Restricts players to casting spells only during their own turns, helping force through Chain of Smog, Craterhoof Behemoth, Genesis Wave, Exsanguinate, Shamanic Revelation, or commander deployment by limiting instant-speed responses.
- Timing: Cast before a decisive main-phase turn when opponents likely have instant-speed interaction; avoid if you need to hold up your own Heroic Intervention, Assassin's Trophy, Arachnogenesis, Sprout Swarm, or Second Harvest on opponents' turns.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes three mana including two green; outputs a 2/2 legendary body and table-wide timing restriction.
- Partners / packages: Protects Witherbloom Apprentice plus Chain of Smog, Craterhoof Behemoth, Genesis Wave, Exsanguinate, and Shamanic Revelation turns.
- Role peers: Veil of Summer protects against blue/black after sideboarding; Boseiju, Who Shelters All protects instant/sorcery spells from counters.
- Failure modes: Symmetrical effect can lock you out of instant-speed interaction on other turns; does not stop abilities already on permanents.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Excellent against draw-go control and flash decks; weaker against sorcery-speed creature decks.

#### Golgari Charm
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, flexible instant protection/removal/enchantment answer.
- Role type: modal utility; protection/evasion; interaction-sweeper; interaction-removal.
- Deck-specific job: Provides three distinct modes: each creature gets -1/-1 for low-toughness cleanup, destroy target enchantment, or regenerate each creature you control to survive destroy-based sweepers/combat.
- Timing: Hold when a wipe, enchantment lock, or small-token board is likely; use -1/-1 only when it kills more opposing material than your own key creatures.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{B}{G}`; outputs one chosen instant-speed effect.
- Mode map: -1/-1 mode kills/marks X/1 creatures including your own mana dorks and drain pieces; enchantment mode destroys target enchantment; regeneration mode creates shields so the next destruction event taps those creatures, removes damage, and removes them from combat.
- Partners / packages: Protects Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Tendershoot Dryad, Sedgemoor Witch, Circle of Dreams Druid, Witherbloom Apprentice, Blood Artist, and Zulaport Cutthroat.
- Role peers: Heroic Intervention gives hexproof and indestructible; Feed the Swarm and Krosan Grip answer enchantments differently.
- Failure modes: Regeneration does not stop exile, sacrifice, -X/-X lethal state, or bounce; -1/-1 can kill your mana creatures and drain pieces.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against token decks, enchantment locks, and destroy sweepers; check the exact threat before choosing mode.

#### Heroic Intervention
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, premium board protection.
- Role type: protection/evasion.
- Deck-specific job: Gives permanents you control hexproof and indestructible until end of turn, protecting token boards, drain engines, Skullclamp, Circle of Dreams Druid, Cauldron of Essence, and finishers from many targeted removal and destroy/damage sweepers.
- Timing: Hold for a sweeper, targeted removal aimed at a decisive engine, or the turn you commit Craterhoof Behemoth/Genesis Wave/Chain of Smog support; use proactively only if it forces a win.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{1}{G}`; outputs hexproof and indestructible for your permanents until end of turn.
- Partners / packages: Protects Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Sedgemoor Witch, Witherbloom Apprentice, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Skullclamp, and wide tokens.
- Role peers: Golgari Charm regenerates creatures only; Veil of Summer protects from blue/black after sideboarding.
- Failure modes: Does not stop sacrifice, exile without destruction, counterspells, or -X/-X effects that reduce toughness to zero.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: High value against removal-heavy and sweeper decks; less useful against combo if they do not target or destroy your permanents.

#### Scute Swarm
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, landfall token engine.
- Role type: engine piece; mechanic payoff.
- Deck-specific job: Creates a 1/1 Insect whenever a land enters under your control; at six or more lands, creates a token copy of Scute Swarm instead, quickly scaling with fetches and Awaken the Woods.
- Timing: Cast before land drops when possible; preserve Verdant Catacombs, Terramorphic Expanse, Cultivate, and Awaken the Woods timing to multiply landfall if tempo allows.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes three mana; outputs Insect tokens or Scute Swarm copies from landfall.
- Partners / packages: Works with Verdant Catacombs, Terramorphic Expanse, Cultivate, Awaken the Woods, Second Harvest, Mirkwood Bats, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Skullclamp, and Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Role peers: Tendershoot Dryad makes tokens each upkeep; Sedgemoor Witch makes Pests from instants/sorceries.
- Failure modes: Does nothing until a land enters; sweepers can erase the whole copied board.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Excellent in slower land-drop games; against control, sequence with protection or immediate landfall value.

#### Allosaurus Shepherd
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, anti-counter green spell shield and Elf finisher.
- Role type: protection/evasion; mana/fixing/ramp; reach/finisher.
- Deck-specific job: Makes itself and your green spells uncounterable, protecting Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Tendershoot Dryad, Cultivate, Pest Infestation, Shamanic Revelation, Nature's Rhythm, Genesis Wave, Heroic Intervention, Craterhoof Behemoth, and many green creature engines; its `{4}{G}{G}` ability makes each Elf you control a base 5/5 Dinosaur in addition to types.
- Timing: Cast early against control or before a green payoff turn; activate only when Elf attackers/blockers make combat decisive.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes one green; outputs counter protection for green spells and a late six-mana Elf pump/type-change activation.
- Mode map: Static uncounterable text protects green spells; activated ability turns each Elf creature you control into base 5/5 Dinosaur in addition to other types until end of turn.
- Partners / packages: Protects Genesis Wave, Craterhoof Behemoth, Tendershoot Dryad, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Heroic Intervention, Cultivate, and Nature's Rhythm; pumps Arbor Elf, Llanowar Elves, Elvish Mystic, Fyndhorn Elves, Elves of Deep Shadow, Circle of Dreams Druid, Emeritus of Abundance, and Deathrite Shaman.
- Role peers: Dosan the Falling Leaf limits instant-speed spells; Boseiju, Who Shelters All protects instants/sorceries.
- Failure modes: Does not protect black-only spells like Exsanguinate, Demonic Tutor, Chain of Smog, or Final Act.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Premium against blue control; body still contributes to creature count against creature decks.

#### Forest
- Deck role: Main deck, 10 copies, basic green mana resource.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Provides untapped green for one-mana accelerants and is a target class for Arbor Elf, Cultivate, Terramorphic Expanse, and Verdant Catacombs when searching Forest cards.
- Timing: Lead on Forest when opening hand needs Arbor Elf, Llanowar Elves, Elvish Mystic, Fyndhorn Elves, Birds of Paradise, Elves of Deep Shadow, Delighted Halfling, Deathrite Shaman, or Allosaurus Shepherd.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses a land drop; outputs `{G}`.
- Partners / packages: Supports Arbor Elf, Cultivate, Verdant Catacombs, Terramorphic Expanse, Genesis Wave, Heroic Intervention, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, and Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Role peers: Haunted Mire, Festering Thicket, and Vernal Fen are Swamp Forest lands but enter tapped or conditionally tapped.
- Failure modes: Too many Forests without black access can strand Blood Artist, Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Feed the Swarm, Chain of Smog, and Exsanguinate.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Highest opening priority when the hand contains one-mana green acceleration.

#### Swamp
- Deck role: Main deck, 7 copies, basic black mana resource.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Provides black for drain creatures, tutors, rituals, removal, Chain of Smog, and Exsanguinate while serving as a search target for Cultivate, Terramorphic Expanse, and Verdant Catacombs when searching Swamp cards.
- Timing: Prioritize early Swamp when the hand already has green but needs Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Witherbloom Apprentice, Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Dark Ritual, Cabal Ritual, or Feed the Swarm.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses a land drop; outputs `{B}`.
- Partners / packages: Supports Dark Ritual, Cabal Ritual, Chain of Smog, Exsanguinate, Final Act, In Garruk's Wake, Blood Artist, and Diabolic Intent.
- Role peers: Haunted Mire, Festering Thicket, and Vernal Fen are Swamp Forest dual-type lands; Bojuka Bog adds black with graveyard exile but enters tapped.
- Failure modes: Swamp-only starts often fail the deck's green acceleration plan.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong when removal/tutor timing matters; balance against early Forest needs.

#### Bojuka Bog
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, graveyard hate land and black mana source.
- Role type: hate piece; role glue.
- Deck-specific job: Exiles target player's graveyard when it enters and then taps for black, giving the main deck a land-slot answer to reanimation, flashback, escape, recursion, threshold, and graveyard combo.
- Timing: Hold if a graveyard deck is likely to add higher-value targets; play early only when tapped tempo is acceptable or a current graveyard must be exiled now.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses a tapped land drop; outputs target player's graveyard exile on entry and `{B}` later.
- Partners / packages: Coordinates with Deathrite Shaman, Nihil Spellbomb, Scavenging Ooze, Noxious Revival, Eternal Witness, and Finale of Eternity timing.
- Role peers: Nihil Spellbomb is sideboard broad graveyard hate; Scavenging Ooze is repeatable targeted hate.
- Failure modes: Exiles only one target player's graveyard; can conflict with your own Eternal Witness/Cauldron of Essence/Finale of Eternity if targeting yourself.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Premium against visible graveyard engines; slow black source against non-graveyard aggro.

#### Command Tower
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, untapped two-color mana resource.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Adds black or green in the commander's color identity, making it one of the cleanest lands for early acceleration plus black interaction/tutors.
- Timing: Lead when it enables the most flexible turn-one or turn-two line; preserve fetch decisions because Command Tower already covers both colors.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses a land drop; outputs `{B}` or `{G}`.
- Partners / packages: Supports all colored spells including Witherbloom Apprentice, Assassin's Trophy, Cultivate, Heroic Intervention, Demonic Tutor, and Exsanguinate.
- Role peers: Llanowar Wastes, Woodland Cemetery, Deathcap Glade, Necroblossom Snarl, and Exotic Orchard can also produce black/green with conditions.
- Failure modes: Does not have Forest or Swamp land types, so Arbor Elf and Verdant Catacombs cannot use it as a Forest/Swamp target.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong in almost every opener because it keeps both colors open.

#### Verdant Catacombs
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, fetch land and landfall/fixing tool.
- Role type: tutor/search; mana/fixing/ramp; mechanic enabler.
- Deck-specific job: Pays 1 life and sacrifices to find a Swamp or Forest card directly onto the battlefield, fixing colors and triggering landfall for Scute Swarm at instant speed.
- Timing: Fetch before mana is needed or after draw/selection if the chosen color depends on new information; hold with Scute Swarm when a delayed landfall trigger is worth the tempo.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses land drop, tapping, 1 life, and sacrificing itself; outputs Haunted Mire, Festering Thicket, Vernal Fen, Forest, or Swamp onto battlefield, then shuffle.
- Partners / packages: Supports Scute Swarm, Deathrite Shaman graveyard land targets, Arbor Elf via Forest-type choices, Cultivate color planning, and Emeritus of Abundance land count.
- Role peers: Terramorphic Expanse finds only basic Forest or Swamp tapped; Cultivate finds up to two basics.
- Failure modes: Life cost matters; searched land's own tapped status still applies if the chosen card enters tapped.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong for fixing and landfall; against graveyard opponents, it gives Deathrite Shaman a land target.

#### Terramorphic Expanse
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, basic-land search and landfall tool.
- Role type: tutor/search; mana/fixing/ramp; mechanic enabler.
- Deck-specific job: Sacrifices to find a basic Forest or Swamp onto the battlefield tapped, fixing colors, adding a graveyard land for Deathrite Shaman, and enabling Scute Swarm landfall timing.
- Timing: Use end step before your turn when fixing is clear; hold when Scute Swarm or landfall math makes the extra land entry more valuable later.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses land drop and tapping/sacrificing itself; outputs a tapped Forest or Swamp, then shuffle.
- Partners / packages: Works with Scute Swarm, Deathrite Shaman, Cultivate, Arbor Elf if finding Forest, and Emeritus of Abundance land count.
- Role peers: Verdant Catacombs can find Swamp or Forest cards and enters target untapped if target allows; Cultivate finds two basics.
- Failure modes: Found basic enters tapped, so it cannot support immediate one-mana plays.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Solid fixer in slower games; tempo cost matters against fast aggro.

#### Titan's Grave
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, tapped dual land with surveil utility.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; card selection; recursion setup.
- Deck-specific job: Provides black or green after entering tapped and can pay `{2}{B}{G}, {T}` to surveil 1, putting unwanted top cards into graveyard for Eternal Witness, Cauldron of Essence, Finale of Eternity, Deathrite Shaman, or keeping needed cards on top.
- Timing: Play when tapped tempo will not miss a one-mana accelerator or removal spell; activate surveil only when mana is otherwise unused or graveyard/topdeck setup matters.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses tapped land drop; outputs `{B}` or `{G}`, and later consumes four mana plus tapping to look at top card and optionally put it into graveyard.
- Partners / packages: Supports Eternal Witness, Emeritus of Abundance, Cauldron of Essence, Deathrite Shaman, Finale of Eternity, and Noxious Revival after sideboarding.
- Role peers: Witherbloom Campus scries instead of surveils; Study Hall scries with commander mana.
- Failure modes: Enters tapped and the surveil activation is expensive; do not spend four mana on selection while holding a decisive spell.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Useful in grindy games; slow against aggro or combo.

#### Woodland Cemetery
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, conditional untapped black-green land.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Adds black or green and enters untapped if you control a Swamp or Forest, which includes basic Forest/Swamp and dual-type Haunted Mire, Festering Thicket, or Vernal Fen.
- Timing: Sequence after a Swamp/Forest source when possible; if it enters tapped, avoid relying on it for turn-one acceleration.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses a land drop; outputs `{B}` or `{G}` after resolving tapped/untapped condition.
- Partners / packages: Supports early Witherbloom Apprentice, Cultivate, Assassin's Trophy, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, and Heroic Intervention.
- Role peers: Deathcap Glade enters untapped with two other lands; Necroblossom Snarl can reveal Swamp/Forest from hand.
- Failure modes: No basic land type itself; Arbor Elf cannot untap it and Verdant Catacombs cannot find it.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Good fixer when opened with Forest/Swamp; weaker as the only land.

#### Witherbloom Campus
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, tapped dual land with late scry.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; card selection.
- Deck-specific job: Provides black or green and offers `{4}, {T}: Scry 1` to smooth draws when mana would otherwise go unused.
- Timing: Play tapped when early tempo cost is acceptable; activate scry in late-game end steps or before a known draw when digging for land, protection, removal, or a finisher.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses tapped land drop; outputs `{B}` or `{G}`, and later consumes four mana plus tapping to look at top card and optionally put it on bottom.
- Partners / packages: Helps find Exsanguinate, Craterhoof Behemoth, Heroic Intervention, Assassin's Trophy, land drops, or engine pieces after stabilizing.
- Role peers: Titan's Grave surveils into graveyard; Study Hall scries when casting commander.
- Failure modes: Enters tapped and scry activation is expensive; not a Forest or Swamp for Arbor Elf/Verdant Catacombs.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Better in long games; tempo liability in fast starts.

#### Necroblossom Snarl
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, conditional untapped black-green land.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Adds black or green and can enter untapped by revealing a Swamp or Forest card from hand, including basic Swamp/Forest and likely Swamp Forest lands if in hand.
- Timing: Reveal when early untapped mana enables a one-mana accelerant, tutor, removal, or Witherbloom Apprentice; hide information only if tapped tempo is harmless.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses land drop and optional reveal; outputs `{B}` or `{G}`.
- Partners / packages: Supports early Arbor Elf/Llanowar Elves/Elvish Mystic/Fyndhorn Elves, Blood Artist, Feed the Swarm, Assassin's Trophy, and Heroic Intervention.
- Role peers: Woodland Cemetery and Deathcap Glade are other conditional untapped duals.
- Failure modes: Without a reveal it enters tapped; revealing a card gives opponents information.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong opener with Forest/Swamp in hand; weak if it forces a tapped first land.

#### Haunted Mire
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, tapped Swamp Forest dual land.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Provides both land types and taps for black or green, making it searchable by Verdant Catacombs and untappable by Arbor Elf as a Forest, but it enters tapped.
- Timing: Fetch or play when tapped tempo is acceptable; prioritize if you need both Swamp and Forest types for Woodland Cemetery or Arbor Elf.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses tapped land drop; outputs `{B}` or `{G}` after untapping.
- Partners / packages: Works with Arbor Elf, Verdant Catacombs, Woodland Cemetery, Cultivate planning, and color-heavy spells like Casualties of War.
- Role peers: Festering Thicket adds cycling; Vernal Fen may enter untapped with two or more basic lands.
- Failure modes: Tapped entry can block turn-one mana creatures or turn-two interaction.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Good fixing in slower games; risky as the only early green source for turn-one acceleration.

#### Festering Thicket
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, tapped Swamp Forest dual land with cycling.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; modal utility; card selection.
- Deck-specific job: Provides black/green as a Swamp Forest and can be cycled for `{2}` to draw a card when excess land is worse than new action.
- Timing: Play early if you need both colors/types and can afford tapped tempo; cycle late when land count is sufficient and you are digging for protection, removal, or a finisher.
- Inputs / outputs: Land mode uses tapped land drop and later outputs `{B}` or `{G}`; cycling consumes `{2}` and discards Festering Thicket to draw a card.
- Mode map: Land aspect is a tapped Swamp Forest mana source; cycling aspect is `{2}, discard this card: Draw a card`.
- Partners / packages: Works with Arbor Elf, Verdant Catacombs, Woodland Cemetery, Deathrite Shaman after cycling, and Emeritus of Abundance land-count decisions.
- Role peers: Haunted Mire is similar without cycling; Witherbloom Campus offers late scry.
- Failure modes: Cycling means it does not enter battlefield or trigger Scute Swarm; playing it tapped may cost early tempo.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Flexible in long games; against aggro, avoid cycling if missing land drops.

#### Llanowar Wastes
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, untapped pain land and colorless source.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Adds colorless for generic costs or black/green at the cost of 1 damage, giving untapped access for early accelerants, tutors, removal, and protection.
- Timing: Use colored mode freely when life is stable; use colorless for Sol Ring/Skullclamp/equip/generic costs when preserving life matters.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses land drop; outputs `{C}` with no pain or `{B}`/`{G}` and deals 1 damage to you.
- Partners / packages: Supports Witherbloom Apprentice, Assassin's Trophy, Heroic Intervention, Feed the Swarm, Demonic Tutor, and Skullclamp.
- Role peers: Command Tower fixes without pain; Twilight Mire filters colors but needs input.
- Failure modes: Pain damage stacks with Boseiju, Feed the Swarm, Beledros Witherbloom, and Elves of Deep Shadow.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against tempo and combo due to untapped access; manage carefully against burn.

#### Grim Backwoods
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, colorless land and creature-to-card outlet.
- Role type: card selection; engine piece; engine fuel/material.
- Deck-specific job: Sacrifices a creature for `{2}{B}{G}, {T}` to draw a card, turning expendable tokens or doomed creatures into velocity while triggering Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats if token sacrificed, and Cauldron of Essence.
- Timing: Activate when mana is unused, the sacrificed creature is expendable, or a draw is needed more than board count; avoid if losing the creature weakens Circle of Dreams Druid, Craterhoof Behemoth, or blockers.
- Inputs / outputs: Outputs `{C}` as land; activated ability consumes four mana, tapping, and a creature sacrifice to draw one card.
- Partners / packages: Works with Pests, Saprolings, Squirrels, Insects, Zombies, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Skullclamp, and Warren Soultrader.
- Role peers: Skullclamp draws two at lower cost but needs equipped creature death; Diabolic Intent sacrifices for any card.
- Failure modes: Colorless land can strain colored costs; activation is expensive and sorcery-speed only if rules engine restricts? Card Reference does not state sorcery, so treat as normal activated ability timing.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong in stalled games; poor in opening hands needing colored mana.

#### Vernal Fen
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, conditional Swamp Forest dual land.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Taps for black or green as a Swamp Forest and enters tapped unless you control two or more basic lands, rewarding basics-heavy sequencing.
- Timing: Play after two basics when possible to avoid tempo loss; fetch/play earlier only if land types and colors are worth tapped entry.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses land drop; outputs `{B}` or `{G}` after tapped/untapped condition.
- Partners / packages: Works with Arbor Elf, Verdant Catacombs, Woodland Cemetery, Cultivate, Forest/Swamp basics, and color-heavy spells.
- Role peers: Haunted Mire always enters tapped; Festering Thicket always enters tapped but cycles.
- Failure modes: Nonbasic itself; controlling dual-type lands does not satisfy "two or more basic lands" unless they are basic, which these are not.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Better midgame after Cultivate; weak as early sole source.

#### Exotic Orchard
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, opponent-dependent fixing land.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Adds one mana of any color a land an opponent controls could produce, often black or green in Commander but not guaranteed from card text alone.
- Timing: Play when opponents' lands visibly produce needed colors; do not assume black/green access before checking public lands.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses land drop; outputs a color based on opponents' land mana capabilities.
- Partners / packages: Supports any colored spell when opponents provide black/green, especially Assassin's Trophy, Witherbloom Apprentice, Heroic Intervention, Demonic Tutor, and Exsanguinate.
- Role peers: Command Tower always produces commander colors; Birds of Paradise and Arcane Signet fix independently.
- Failure modes: Can fail to make useful colors if opponents' lands do not produce black or green; not a Forest/Swamp.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong at multicolor Commander tables; weak against colorless or off-color land boards.

#### Study Hall
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, colorless land and commander-cast scry utility.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; card selection.
- Deck-specific job: Adds colorless generally or pays `{1}, {T}` to add one mana of any color for casting your commander, then scries X where X is command-zone casts this game, smoothing commander recasts.
- Timing: Use normal colorless for generic costs; use commander mode when casting Witherbloom, the Balancer and scry can improve post-commander draws.
- Inputs / outputs: Outputs `{C}` or consumes `{1}` plus tapping to make commander-only colored mana and scry based on commander casts.
- Mode map: Colorless mode pays generic costs; commander mode fixes color for Witherbloom, the Balancer and scries X on that spend.
- Partners / packages: Supports Witherbloom, the Balancer recasts, Sol Ring generic sequences, Skullclamp equip, and late-game card quality.
- Role peers: Delighted Halfling also fixes legendary spells and makes them uncounterable; Boseiju, Who Shelters All protects instants/sorceries.
- Failure modes: Does not make colored mana for noncommander spells; early colorless land can strand one-mana green accelerants.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Better in commander-tax games; poor in color-hungry openers.

#### Deathcap Glade
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, conditional black-green dual land.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Taps for black or green and enters untapped if you control two or more other lands, making it strong from turn three onward.
- Timing: Play after two other lands when possible; if played early tapped, make sure it does not block a one-mana accelerator or turn-two interaction.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses land drop; outputs `{B}` or `{G}` after condition.
- Partners / packages: Supports Casualties of War, Assassin's Trophy, Witherbloom Apprentice, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, and Heroic Intervention.
- Role peers: Woodland Cemetery checks Swamp/Forest; Necroblossom Snarl checks reveal.
- Failure modes: No basic land types; cannot be untapped by Arbor Elf or found by Verdant Catacombs.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Excellent midgame fixer; shaky as one-land opener.

#### Twilight Mire
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, colorless/filter land for black-green intensity.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Adds colorless or filters one black/green input into `{B}{B}`, `{B}{G}`, or `{G}{G}`, helping cast color-intensive spells like Casualties of War, Witherbloom, the Balancer, Genesis Wave, Final Act, and Exsanguinate.
- Timing: Use when another black/green source is available for filtering; sequence carefully if it is your only colored-looking land because filter mode requires `{B/G}` input.
- Inputs / outputs: Outputs `{C}` alone; with `{B/G}` plus tapping, outputs two black/green mana in chosen combination.
- Partners / packages: Supports Exsanguinate, Final Act, Casualties of War, Genesis Wave, Craterhoof Behemoth, and Witherbloom, the Balancer.
- Role peers: Llanowar Wastes produces colors directly with life cost; Command Tower fixes directly.
- Failure modes: Cannot independently make black or green from nothing except colorless; bad as only colored source for turn-one plays.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong in midgame color-intensive turns; weak in one-land openers.

#### Viridescent Bog
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, fixed black-green burst land.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Pays `{1}, {T}` to add `{B}{G}`, effectively converting one generic input into both colors for Assassin's Trophy, Witherbloom Apprentice, Deadly Brew, Chatterfang activation support, and Casualties of War setup.
- Timing: Use when you need both colors in one turn and have spare generic mana; do not rely on it as an immediate turn-one colored source.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses land drop; activated ability consumes one generic mana and tapping to output `{B}{G}`.
- Partners / packages: Supports Assassin's Trophy, Deadly Brew, Witherbloom Apprentice, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Cauldron of Essence, Casualties of War, and Golgari Charm.
- Role peers: Twilight Mire filters black/green into two colored mana; Command Tower produces one color without setup.
- Failure modes: Card Reference lists no standalone tap-for-mana ability besides `{1}, {T}: Add {B}{G}`; do not treat it as a normal colorless land.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Good for two-spell turns once you have other mana; awkward in low-land openers.

#### Hissing Quagmire
- Deck role: Main deck, 1 copy, tapped dual creature-land.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; threat/clock; protection/evasion.
- Deck-specific job: Provides black or green and can become a 2/2 black and green Elemental creature with deathtouch, useful as a blocker, planeswalker attacker, sacrifice material only after animation, or post-wipe pressure.
- Timing: Play early only if tapped tempo is acceptable; animate when deathtouch blocks matter, when attacking is safe, or when extra creature count supports a finisher without risking needed mana.
- Inputs / outputs: Uses tapped land drop; outputs `{B}` or `{G}`; activation consumes `{1}{B}{G}` to become a 2/2 deathtouch creature until end of turn.
- Mode map: Mana-land aspect fixes colors; animated aspect becomes a deathtouch creature while still a land.
- Partners / packages: Works with Stensian Sanguinist deathtouch pressure, Craterhoof Behemoth, Shamanic Revelation creature count, and Deadly Brew only if animated and sacrificing is worth losing a land.
- Role peers: No direct creature-land peer; closest role overlap is Treetop-style pressure absent from this list, while Grim Backwoods is another utility land.
- Failure modes: Animation exposes a land to creature removal and combat death; do not activate if it consumes removal/protection mana under lethal pressure.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against single large attackers due to deathtouch; slow against combo.

#### Force of Vigor
- Deck role: Sideboard, 1 copy, artifact/enchantment emergency answer.
- Role type: sideboard bullet; interaction-removal.
- Deck-specific job: Destroys up to two target artifacts and/or enchantments, with an alternate cost on opponents' turns by exiling a green card from hand instead of paying mana.
- Timing: Bring in against artifact/enchantment engines or lock pieces; cast for free only when tempo or tapped mana matters more than the green card exiled.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{2}{G}{G}` or, if it is not your turn, one green card exiled from hand; outputs destruction of up to two target artifacts/enchantments.
- Mode map: Normal cast uses mana; alternate-cost cast works only when it is not your turn and exiles a green card from hand instead of paying mana.
- Partners / packages: Side in alongside Krosan Grip and Reclamation Sage against artifact/enchantment pressure; protect core engines like Skullclamp, Witherbloom Apprentice, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, and token boards from lock pieces.
- Role peers: Krosan Grip answers one target with split second; Reclamation Sage answers one while leaving a creature.
- Failure modes: Cannot hit creatures unless they are artifacts/enchantments; exiling a green finisher or protection card can cost the game.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Premium against fast artifact/enchantment combo, stax, and lock permanents.

#### Krosan Grip
- Deck role: Sideboard, 1 copy, split-second artifact/enchantment answer.
- Role type: sideboard bullet; interaction-removal; hate piece.
- Deck-specific job: Destroys target artifact or enchantment, and split second prevents players from casting spells or activating non-mana abilities while it is on the stack.
- Timing: Bring in when one artifact/enchantment must die through normal response windows; hold for the permanent whose activation or protection would beat Force of Vigor/Reclamation Sage timing.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{2}{G}`; outputs destruction of one target artifact or enchantment with split-second stack restriction.
- Partners / packages: Complements Force of Vigor, Reclamation Sage, Assassin's Trophy, Pest Infestation, Feed the Swarm, and Casualties of War.
- Role peers: Force of Vigor can hit two targets; Reclamation Sage leaves a body; Assassin's Trophy hits any opponent permanent but ramps.
- Failure modes: Cannot hit nonartifact creatures, planeswalkers, lands, or nonartifact/nonenchantment combo pieces.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against activated artifact/enchantment combo pieces, protection equipment, and lock enchantments.

#### Reclamation Sage
- Deck role: Sideboard, 1 copy, creature-based artifact/enchantment answer.
- Role type: sideboard bullet; interaction-removal; engine fuel/material.
- Deck-specific job: Enters and may destroy target artifact or enchantment while leaving a 2/1 creature for Skullclamp, Diabolic Intent, Deadly Brew, Circle of Dreams Druid, Shamanic Revelation, and Craterhoof Behemoth.
- Timing: Bring in when artifact/enchantment removal is needed and a creature body matters; cast when a target is meaningful or when the body plus optional trigger is still useful.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes three mana; outputs optional artifact/enchantment destruction and a creature body.
- Partners / packages: Works with Skullclamp, Diabolic Intent, Chomping Changeling, Force of Vigor, Krosan Grip, and Pest Infestation.
- Role peers: Chomping Changeling is main-deck similar ETB; Krosan Grip is instant split second.
- Failure modes: Sorcery-speed creature timing is too slow for some combo artifacts/enchantments; trigger targets and can be stopped by target protection.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Good against value artifacts/enchantments when board material matters; weaker against protected instant-speed combo.

#### Veil of Summer
- Deck role: Sideboard, 1 copy, anti-blue/black protection spell.
- Role type: sideboard bullet; protection/evasion; interaction-stack.
- Deck-specific job: Draws a card if an opponent cast a blue or black spell this turn, makes your spells uncounterable this turn, and gives you and permanents you control hexproof from blue and black until end of turn.
- Timing: Bring in against blue or black interaction, discard, counters, or removal; cast in response to a blue/black targeted spell or before a decisive Chain of Smog, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Shamanic Revelation, Demonic Tutor, or Craterhoof Behemoth turn.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{G}`; outputs counter protection, hexproof from blue/black, and conditional card draw.
- Partners / packages: Protects Witherbloom Apprentice, Chain of Smog, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Circle of Dreams Druid, Tendershoot Dryad, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Demonic Tutor, and Diabolic Intent.
- Role peers: Dosan the Falling Leaf restricts all instant-speed casting; Boseiju, Who Shelters All protects instants/sorceries from counters.
- Failure modes: Does not protect from red/white/green/colorless removal or non-blue/non-black abilities; card draw only if an opponent has cast a blue or black spell this turn.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Premium against blue-black control/tempo; do not board for creature combat alone.

#### Noxious Revival
- Deck role: Sideboard, 1 copy, instant topdeck recursion/disruption.
- Role type: sideboard bullet; recursion; hate piece.
- Deck-specific job: Puts target card from a graveyard on top of its owner's library, rebuying your Heroic Intervention, Chain of Smog, Witherbloom Apprentice, Exsanguinate, Craterhoof Behemoth, Demonic Tutor, or Assassin's Trophy, or disrupting an opponent's graveyard card before they can use it.
- Timing: Bring in when one exact card matters repeatedly or graveyard timing matters; cast before your draw to redraw your card, or on an opponent's graveyard card before recursion/flashback-like access.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{G/P}`, payable with green mana or 2 life; outputs target graveyard card to top of owner's library.
- Mode map: Payment choice is green mana or 2 life, but effect is one target card from a graveyard to its owner's library top.
- Partners / packages: Recovers Heroic Intervention, Golgari Charm, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Craterhoof Behemoth, Chain of Smog, Witherbloom Apprentice, and Demonic Tutor.
- Role peers: Eternal Witness returns to hand; Emeritus of Abundance Regrowth face returns to hand; Scavenging Ooze exiles instead.
- Failure modes: Card disadvantage if used on low-impact cards; does not put your card into hand immediately unless you are about to draw.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against discard, removal, and single-card graveyard plans; weaker when broad graveyard exile is needed.

#### Nihil Spellbomb
- Deck role: Sideboard, 1 copy, broad graveyard hate artifact.
- Role type: sideboard bullet; hate piece.
- Deck-specific job: Sacrifices to exile target player's graveyard and can draw a card when put into a graveyard from the battlefield if you pay `{B}`, giving clean pressure against reanimation, flashback, escape, delve, threshold, and graveyard combo.
- Timing: Bring in against graveyard-reliant opponents; play early when holding it on board changes their line, then sacrifice at the first graveyard window that matters.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes one mana to cast; activated ability taps and sacrifices it to exile target player's graveyard; death trigger may consume `{B}` to draw a card.
- Partners / packages: Coordinates with Bojuka Bog, Deathrite Shaman, Scavenging Ooze, Noxious Revival, Eternal Witness, and Finale of Eternity timing.
- Role peers: Bojuka Bog is land-based one-shot hate; Scavenging Ooze is repeatable targeted hate.
- Failure modes: It answers graveyards rather than opposing artifacts; exiling your own graveyard can weaken Eternal Witness, Cauldron of Essence, and Finale of Eternity.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Premium against graveyard engines; low impact against creature combat with incidental graveyards.

#### Scavenging Ooze
- Deck role: Sideboard, 1 copy, repeatable graveyard hate creature and life buffer.
- Role type: sideboard bullet; hate piece; lifegain/stabilization; threat/clock.
- Deck-specific job: Exiles target card from a graveyard for `{G}`; if the card was a creature, it gets a +1/+1 counter and you gain 1 life, pressuring graveyards while growing into a threat.
- Timing: Bring in against creature graveyards, reanimation, death loops, or races where life gain matters; keep green mana open when an opponent is about to use a graveyard card.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes two mana to cast and `{G}` per activation; outputs targeted graveyard exile, counters/life only from creature cards.
- Partners / packages: Works with Bojuka Bog, Deathrite Shaman, Nihil Spellbomb, Noxious Revival, Skullclamp only if expendable, and Craterhoof Behemoth as a growing creature.
- Role peers: Deathrite Shaman has narrower tapped modes; Nihil Spellbomb exiles a whole player graveyard at once.
- Failure modes: Requires green mana for each exile; eating your own creature cards can weaken Cauldron of Essence, Eternal Witness, and Finale of Eternity.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against reanimator and aristocrats; slower than Nihil Spellbomb against immediate graveyard combo.

#### Culling Ritual
- Deck role: Sideboard, 1 copy, mana-value-two-or-less permanent sweeper and mana burst.
- Role type: sideboard bullet; interaction-sweeper; mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: Destroys each nonland permanent with mana value 2 or less, then adds `{B}` or `{G}` for each permanent destroyed this way, letting you clear cheap boards and redeploy engines or fire a finisher.
- Timing: Bring in against low-cost permanent floods, tokens with mana value, artifact economies, and cheap creature engines; cast only when the mana generated leads to a strong follow-up or the reset is necessary.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{2}{B}{G}`; outputs destruction of all nonland permanents mana value 2 or less and black/green mana per permanent destroyed.
- Partners / packages: Follow-ups include Witherbloom Apprentice, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Tendershoot Dryad, Skullclamp if not destroyed, Genesis Wave, Exsanguinate, and Reclamation Sage.
- Role peers: Final Act is broader but slower; Golgari Charm only gives -1/-1 to creatures or enchantment/regeneration modes.
- Failure modes: Kills your Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, Skullclamp, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Witherbloom Apprentice, mana creatures, and small tokens if present.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Excellent against mana-value-two-or-less permanent swarms; dangerous if your own board is the main engine.

#### Putrefy
- Deck role: Sideboard, 1 copy, instant artifact/creature removal.
- Role type: sideboard bullet; interaction-removal.
- Deck-specific job: Destroys target artifact or creature and prevents regeneration, providing instant-speed coverage for artifact creatures, key commanders, combo creatures, and artifact engines.
- Timing: Bring in when creature/artifact threats matter and enchantment coverage is less important; hold for the permanent that changes the next turn, not a replaceable body.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes `{1}{B}{G}`; outputs destruction of target artifact or creature, and it can't be regenerated.
- Partners / packages: Complements Assassin's Trophy, Feed the Swarm, Krosan Grip, Force of Vigor, Reclamation Sage, and Casualties of War.
- Role peers: Assassin's Trophy hits any opponent permanent but ramps; Feed the Swarm hits creatures/enchantments at sorcery speed and costs life.
- Failure modes: Cannot hit enchantments, planeswalkers, lands, or nonartifact noncreature permanents.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Strong against creature combo, artifact creatures, and must-kill commanders; weak against enchantment locks.

#### Pithing Needle
- Deck role: Sideboard, 1 copy, activated-ability hate artifact.
- Role type: sideboard bullet; hate piece.
- Deck-specific job: As it enters, choose a card name; activated abilities of sources with that name cannot be activated unless they are mana abilities, shutting off commanders, artifacts, lands, or utility permanents that rely on activated abilities.
- Timing: Bring in only with known public names or matchup evidence; cast when naming the visible source changes the opponent's next meaningful action.
- Inputs / outputs: Consumes one mana and a card name choice; outputs a static restriction on non-mana activated abilities of sources with that name.
- Partners / packages: Supports Assassin's Trophy, Putrefy, Krosan Grip, Force of Vigor, Reclamation Sage, and Casualties of War by buying time against activated engines.
- Role peers: Krosan Grip/Force of Vigor remove artifact/enchantment sources; Putrefy removes artifact/creature sources; Assassin's Trophy removes most opponent permanents.
- Failure modes: Does not stop triggered abilities, static abilities, mana abilities, spells on the stack, or unnamed redundant pieces.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: Premium against commander engines, combo artifacts, utility lands, and planeswalkers with activated loyalty abilities if the rules engine treats the name choice correctly.

## Interaction Priorities
- Remove engine permanents first when they convert future turns into inevitability faster than Witherbloom can drain or overrun. Assassin's Trophy, Casualties of War, Feed the Swarm, Deadly Brew, Final Act, In Garruk's Wake, Finale of Eternity, Pest Infestation, and Golgari Charm should answer visible combo engines, repeatable card-advantage permanents, commander-centric engines, prison pieces, or lethal board pieces before ordinary attackers.

- Preserve scarce enchantment answers until an enchantment is either stopping the deck's plan or about to decide the game. Feed the Swarm, Golgari Charm, Casualties of War, Force of Vigor, Krosan Grip, Reclamation Sage, and Culling Ritual are the cleanest tools after sideboarding; do not spend them on low-impact value enchantments if a lock, pillow-fort effect, graveyard hate piece, or combo enchantment is visible or likely from public information.

- Kill graveyard engines before they turn public graveyards into a second hand. Bojuka Bog, Nihil Spellbomb, Scavenging Ooze, Deathrite Shaman, and Noxious Revival are the relevant graveyard interaction tools; use them on visible recursion, reanimation, escape, flashback, or combo piles, not on random stocked graveyards that are not currently actionable.

- Answer fast mana and artifact engines when they create a turn-cycle lead the table cannot absorb. Pest Infestation, Casualties of War, Force of Vigor, Krosan Grip, Reclamation Sage, Culling Ritual, Pithing Needle, and Putrefy should prioritize visible artifact combo, repeatable untap/mana engines, or activated abilities that beat a normal Witherbloom board; ignore mana rocks that are merely keeping a behind player functional unless a decisive spell is clearly next.

- Protect the table position before protecting abstract card value. Heroic Intervention and Golgari Charm should be held for sweepers or lethal targeted interaction against Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Sedgemoor Witch, Tendershoot Dryad, Circle of Dreams Druid, Witherbloom Apprentice, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, or a large token board; use them proactively only when the protected action wins or prevents losing.

- Bait interaction with replaceable pressure before exposing the finisher. Lead with token makers, Skullclamp value, Cultivate, or medium threats when opponents have open mana; commit Craterhoof Behemoth, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Army of the Damned, Ezuri's Predation, or Chain of Smog only after checking visible shields, known interaction, mana availability, Dosan the Falling Leaf, Allosaurus Shepherd, Boseiju, Who Shelters All, or Heroic Intervention.

- Treat counter, discard, and bounce decisions as runtime-legal only. This list has no normal counterspell or bounce suite in the registered cards; if Forge exposes a counter-like, discard, or return action from a specific card, choose from visible legal text only. Chain of Smog has Card text check required for exact tactical execution; do not aim it at an opponent unless the visible line is better than the Witherbloom Apprentice plan or needed to disrupt a known hand.

- Change removal posture by archetype. Against creature combo, answer the engine creature before blockers; against control, protect must-answer threats and avoid overcommitting into sweepers; against artifact/enchantment decks, hold flexible removal for the permanent that locks combat or mana; against graveyard decks, save Bojuka Bog effects for the first public graveyard window that matters.

## Combat And Trading Rules
- Attack only when the damage or trigger pressure is worth the lost board material. This deck wins many games by building creatures for Craterhoof Behemoth, Shamanic Revelation, Circle of Dreams Druid, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Tendershoot Dryad, Second Harvest, and sacrifice-drain payoffs, so do not trade away bodies just to chip life unless Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Stensian Sanguinist, or Witherbloom Apprentice makes the exchange meaningful.

- Preserve mana creatures until their mana is no longer the bottleneck. Arbor Elf, Llanowar Elves, Elvish Mystic, Fyndhorn Elves, Elves of Deep Shadow, Birds of Paradise, Delighted Halfling, Deathrite Shaman, and Circle of Dreams Druid should avoid combat trades unless blocking prevents a dangerous life-total collapse or the creature has been replaced by lands and engines.

- Block aggressively when life total threatens to remove future decision windows. Below roughly one full attack from the leading opponent, prioritize survival over engine greed: trade disposable tokens, Pest creatures, Squirrels, Zombies, or Sprout Swarm bodies before unique payoff creatures, and use Arachnogenesis or Heroic Intervention only when the legal action changes lethal or near-lethal combat.

- Trade tokens before engines. Sacrifice or block with expendable bodies from Sedgemoor Witch, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Awaken the Woods, Army of the Damned, Second Harvest, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Sprout Swarm, or Pest Infestation before risking Witherbloom Apprentice, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Skullclamp, Circle of Dreams Druid, or the commander.

- Convert death into damage when the drain board is assembled. With Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Stensian Sanguinist, or Witherbloom Apprentice visible, trades become more attractive, especially if multiple creatures die or tokens can be sacrificed; still avoid trades that lose the only payoff unless the current exchange stabilizes or wins.

- Hold back enough blockers before casting a nonlethal finisher. Genesis Wave, Majestic Genesis, Shamanic Revelation, Army of the Damned, and Ezuri's Predation can create huge swings, but if the spell does not end the game, keep enough untapped bodies or protection to survive the crack-back. Card text check required for Majestic Genesis and some custom-role cards before assuming exact combat output.

- Choose Craterhoof Behemoth attacks by lethal math, not by maximum aggression. Attack with the minimum creature set that produces lethal or decisive pressure through visible blockers when possible, keep key utility creatures back if extra damage is irrelevant, and do not walk into known fog, prevention, first-strike blowouts, or a visible profitable block if waiting one turn with protection is safer.

- Adjust combat by opponent role. Against aggro, trade early and protect life total; against control, pressure planeswalkers or life totals while keeping rebuild cards in hand; against combo, attack to shorten the clock while preserving removal mana; against aristocrats or death-trigger decks, avoid voluntary mass trades unless your drain math wins the exchange.

## Selection And Tutor Rules
- Use Demonic Tutor as the cleanest strategic selector, not as a reflexive value play. Find the missing piece for the current role: Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, Cultivate, or a one-mana creature when mana is the bottleneck; Skullclamp, Shamanic Revelation, Genesis Wave, or Majestic Genesis when cards are the bottleneck; Heroic Intervention, Golgari Charm, Dosan the Falling Leaf, Allosaurus Shepherd, or Boseiju, Who Shelters All when a decisive spell needs protection; Craterhoof Behemoth, Exsanguinate, Chain of Smog, or Witherbloom Apprentice when the visible board supports a win attempt.

- Use Diabolic Intent only when the sacrifice cost is structurally acceptable. Prefer sacrificing disposable tokens, a creature already dying, or a creature that creates meaningful Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Stensian Sanguinist, or Witherbloom Apprentice pressure; do not sacrifice the only mana creature, only drain payoff, or only protection piece unless the searched card wins, prevents losing, or unlocks a stalled game.

- Sequence draw before land drops when the draw can change the land choice. Skullclamp, Shamanic Revelation, Grim Backwoods, Study Hall, Witherbloom Campus, and any legal scry or draw action should usually happen before playing a land if the hand contains multiple land options or if hitting an untapped black or green source changes the turn. Play the land first only when the spell or ability needs that mana now, when landfall from Scute Swarm matters, or when a tapped land must be deployed for future turns.

- Search for mana early only when the hand already has a payoff. Cultivate, Verdant Catacombs, Terramorphic Expanse, Deathrite Shaman, and any legal land-search action should fix colors before greed; prioritize green for creature acceleration and token engines, black for tutors, removal, drain payoffs, and Exsanguinate. Do not spend Demonic Tutor on a land-equivalent unless missing mana strands multiple high-impact cards.

- Treat Eternal Witness and Noxious Revival as selector effects after a card has proven important. Rebuy removal when a single permanent still beats you, rebuy Heroic Intervention or Golgari Charm when another sweeper is likely, rebuy Craterhoof Behemoth, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, or Chain of Smog only when the board or mana can immediately threaten a finish. Do not put a low-impact card on top with Noxious Revival if the next draw step must find mana, interaction, or a finisher.

- Bottom or ignore redundant engines when the current board lacks support. Extra expensive token makers are weak without mana, draw, or protection; extra sacrifice-drain pieces are weak without bodies; extra rituals are weak without a payoff in hand or command-zone pressure. Card text check required for Dina's Guidance, Nature's Rhythm, Splinter's Technique, Cauldron of Essence, Emeritus of Woe, Emeritus of Abundance, Formidable Speaker, Chomping Changeling, and Witherbloom, the Balancer before treating their selection output as known.

## Priority And Stack Rules
- Hold priority decisions to the visible exchange, not imagined hidden cards. Pass when no legal instant-speed action improves the current stack, combat, graveyard window, or mana use; act when a visible spell or ability threatens a key engine, lethal setup, graveyard combo, lock piece, or irreversible board swing.

- Protect decisive boards at the last safe window. Use Heroic Intervention or Golgari Charm against visible removal, sweepers, or combat damage that would erase Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Tendershoot Dryad, Sedgemoor Witch, Circle of Dreams Druid, Witherbloom Apprentice, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, or a lethal token board. Do not spend protection on a replaceable mana creature unless losing it cuts off the selected line.

- Commit Chain of Smog only after a real go-now check. Witherbloom Apprentice plus Chain of Smog can be a deterministic-looking payoff line, but choose it only when legal actions, visible life totals, open mana, known interaction, protection, and the risk of passing the turn all support the attempt. Card text check required at runtime before copying, retargeting, or assuming the loop remains legal.

- Use instant-speed token and prevention effects around combat math. Arachnogenesis should answer lethal or near-lethal attacks, not routine damage; Sprout Swarm should be cast in end steps or combat windows when extra blockers, sacrifice fodder, Skullclamp material, or Circle of Dreams Druid mana matter; Second Harvest should be held until the copied token count changes lethal, survival, or a major draw/drain turn.

- Let harmless spells resolve when interaction is scarce. Assassin's Trophy, Feed the Swarm, Deadly Brew, Casualties of War, Pest Infestation, Force of Vigor, Krosan Grip, Reclamation Sage, Putrefy, Culling Ritual, and Pithing Needle should answer permanents or abilities that stop your engine, kill you, or enable an opponent's engine; avoid firing them into low-impact ramp, cosmetic value, or threats another opponent is already containing.

- Time graveyard actions for the first meaningful public window. Bojuka Bog, Deathrite Shaman, Nihil Spellbomb, Scavenging Ooze, and Noxious Revival should respond to visible recursion, reanimation, flashback, escape, combo assembly, or a tutor-to-graveyard line. Do not exile a graveyard merely because it is large if no public card or legal action makes it actionable.

- Spend rituals only inside a declared turn plan. Dark Ritual and Cabal Ritual should accelerate a tutor, sweeper, Army of the Damned, Genesis Wave, Exsanguinate, or protected multi-spell turn; do not cast them into floating mana that cannot be converted into board, cards, interaction, or lethal pressure.

- Use activated abilities when the opportunity cost is visible and acceptable. Skullclamp should convert expendable bodies into cards before a sweeper or when digging for land, protection, or payoff; Grim Backwoods should sacrifice disposable creatures when mana is unused or a death trigger matters; Boseiju, Who Shelters All should support decisive spells when life payment and timing are legal; Study Hall and Witherbloom Campus should smooth draws when mana would otherwise go unused.

## Sideboard Map
- Sideboard only after identifying the opponent's public engine and the table role you must play. Witherbloom, the Balancer is already dense with mana creatures, token production, drain payoffs, tutors, and sweepers, so sideboard cards should answer a specific failure mode: protected artifacts/enchantments, graveyard reliance, stack interaction, activated abilities, compact creature engines, or resilient recursion.

- Add role cards: Force of Vigor against artifact/enchantment engines that can win before your token-drain plan matters, especially when you can afford the extra card cost or when tapping mana would expose a key turn. Reduce main-deck emphasis: slow finishers or uncertain-role creatures when the game is about stopping a permanent lock. Force of Vigor is bad when opponents present mostly creatures, planeswalkers, graveyards, or one-for-one threats and your hand cannot spare green cards.

- Add role cards: Krosan Grip against single artifact or enchantment permanents that must not be protected by stack interaction. Use it when split-second timing is tactically important, when a visible permanent shuts off sacrifice, tokens, tutoring, or graveyard use, or when waiting gives the opponent another activation. Krosan Grip is bad against wide boards, graveyard decks without key permanents, or matchups where Assassin's Trophy, Feed the Swarm, Casualties of War, or Pest Infestation already covers the relevant permanent class.

- Add role cards: Reclamation Sage when the opponent's artifact or enchantment matters but you still need a creature body for Skullclamp, Diabolic Intent, Circle of Dreams Druid, Second Harvest setup, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, or Chatterfang, Squirrel General pressure. Reclamation Sage is bad when the answer must happen at instant speed, when a permanent must be stopped through stack protection, or when three-mana sorcery-speed interaction is too slow.

- Add role cards: Veil of Summer against blue or black interaction, discard, counterspell-heavy control, removal aimed at Witherbloom Apprentice, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Circle of Dreams Druid, Tendershoot Dryad, or a decisive Craterhoof Behemoth, Genesis Wave, Exsanguinate, Chain of Smog, or Shamanic Revelation turn. Veil of Summer is bad against creature combat decks, artifact engines, graveyard decks, and tables where the visible interaction is not blue or black. Use it as protection for the selected line, not as a cantrip by default.

- Add role cards: Noxious Revival when one exact card is likely to decide the game twice. Rebuy Heroic Intervention or Golgari Charm after a sweeper, Assassin's Trophy or Feed the Swarm after a must-answer permanent, Demonic Tutor or Diabolic Intent after discard, or Craterhoof Behemoth, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Chain of Smog, or Witherbloom Apprentice when the next draw can immediately convert. Noxious Revival is bad when the next draw must find unknown resources or when card disadvantage worsens pressure.

- Add role cards: Nihil Spellbomb against visible graveyard recursion, reanimation, flashback, escape-style engines, graveyard combo, or commanders that repeatedly use the graveyard. Use Nihil Spellbomb when you can hold it on board as a threat without slowing your own development. Nihil Spellbomb is bad when graveyards are incidental, when your own Eternal Witness, Deathrite Shaman, Noxious Revival, or recursion-adjacent line matters more, or when the opponent can win without touching the graveyard.

- Add role cards: Scavenging Ooze against creature graveyards, attrition mirrors, reanimation setup, death-trigger decks, and matchups where life gain changes a race. Scavenging Ooze becomes a creature, graveyard answer, life buffer, and Skullclamp/Diabolic Intent body depending on the board. It is bad when green mana is tight, when graveyards are not creature-heavy, when graveyard hate must be immediate, or when a 2-mana creature dies before activation matters.

- Add role cards: Culling Ritual against low-cost permanent floods, token-adjacent artifact/enchantment boards, cheap creature engines, treasure/clue/food-style economies, or tables where converting a reset into mana lets you redeploy Witherbloom, the Balancer, Skullclamp, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Tendershoot Dryad, Genesis Wave, or Exsanguinate. Culling Ritual is bad when it destroys too many of your mana creatures, Skullclamp, Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, tokens, or drain setup without producing a winning follow-up.

- Add role cards: Putrefy against creature and artifact threats that must die at instant speed and do not require Assassin's Trophy's broader coverage. Putrefy is a clean role card when Feed the Swarm is overloaded by enchantments, Deadly Brew is awkward, or Casualties of War is too slow. Putrefy is bad against enchantment engines, graveyard engines, stack control, and creature-light combo.

- Add role cards: Pithing Needle against commanders, artifacts, lands, or other public permanents whose activated ability is the opponent's engine. Choose the named object only from visible information, known public deck context, or rules-engine legal prompts; do not invent hidden cards. Pithing Needle is bad when the opponent's threats are triggered abilities, static abilities, spells on stack, broad combat pressure, or redundant activated abilities across many cards.

Artifact Or Enchantment Engine Plan
Side in: Force of Vigor; Krosan Grip; Reclamation Sage
Cut: Chomping Changeling; Formidable Speaker; Army of the Damned

Graveyard Recursion Plan
Side in: Nihil Spellbomb; Scavenging Ooze; Noxious Revival
Cut: Chomping Changeling; Formidable Speaker; Dina's Guidance

Blue-Black Interaction Plan
Side in: Veil of Summer; Noxious Revival; Krosan Grip
Cut: Final Act; In Garruk's Wake; Army of the Damned

Low-Cost Permanent Flood Plan
Side in: Culling Ritual; Putrefy; Reclamation Sage
Cut: Dina's Guidance; Formidable Speaker; Chomping Changeling

Activated Ability Engine Plan
Side in: Pithing Needle; Putrefy; Krosan Grip
Cut: Dina's Guidance; Chomping Changeling; Army of the Damned

Compact Combo Protection Plan
Side in: Veil of Summer; Force of Vigor; Pithing Needle; Nihil Spellbomb
Cut: In Garruk's Wake; Army of the Damned; Formidable Speaker; Chomping Changeling

- Use artifact/enchantment plans when one resolved permanent invalidates your plan. Preserve Assassin's Trophy and Feed the Swarm for permanent types the sideboard cards cannot answer, and prefer Krosan Grip over Reclamation Sage when the opponent can respond profitably to normal removal.

- Use graveyard plans when public graveyard access is central to the opponent's next turn. Nihil Spellbomb is the clean broad stop, Scavenging Ooze is the repeatable creature-specific pressure tool, and Noxious Revival is both protection for your own key card and disruption against a single graveyard card if the rules engine offers that object.

- Use anti-control plans when your decisive spells are being countered or your engine creatures are being removed before value. Veil of Summer protects the turn, Noxious Revival recovers the card that mattered, and Krosan Grip answers a lock permanent without giving the opponent a normal response window.

- Use low-cost permanent flood plans only when Culling Ritual converts into a stronger second main phase. If Culling Ritual destroys your own acceleration without enabling a major redeploy, keep the main configuration more intact and lean on Final Act, Ezuri's Predation, In Garruk's Wake, Pest Infestation, and Arachnogenesis instead.

- Use activated-ability plans when a public commander, land, artifact, or utility permanent is the engine and the legal prompt can name it precisely. Pithing Needle should narrow the game around a known ability; Putrefy and Krosan Grip cover the permanent when naming alone is too fragile.

- Use compact combo protection plans only when the opponent's prior game showed more than one axis: stack interaction, graveyard use, activated ability dependency, or artifact/enchantment acceleration. This plan trades late sweepers and slow pressure for flexible interruption, so avoid it when the matchup is actually about creature combat or long-board inevitability.

## Matchup Guidance
- Aggro: Prioritize survival before engine greed. Keep hands with early mana from Arbor Elf, Llanowar Elves, Elvish Mystic, Fyndhorn Elves, Elves of Deep Shadow, Birds of Paradise, Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, or Cultivate only if they also lead to a stabilizer, blocker, or interaction. Use Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Scute Swarm, Sedgemoor Witch, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Tendershoot Dryad, Sprout Swarm, and Arachnogenesis to turn blocking or token production into life-total pressure. Spend Assassin's Trophy, Feed the Swarm, Deadly Brew, Putrefy, or Golgari Charm on the threat that changes the clock, not the first creature by default. Add role cards: Culling Ritual and Putrefy when the opponent presents cheap permanents or fast creatures; Scavenging Ooze when creature graveyards and life gain matter. Reduce main-deck emphasis: Army of the Damned, In Garruk's Wake, and other slow payoffs when early turns decide whether you survive.

- Control: Force the opponent to answer layered engines instead of one huge spell. Develop mana and cheap value first, then commit Witherbloom, the Balancer, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Tendershoot Dryad, Skullclamp, or Scute Swarm when you can either protect them or accept the exchange. Use Dosan the Falling Leaf, Allosaurus Shepherd, Heroic Intervention, Golgari Charm, Boseiju, Who Shelters All, and Veil of Summer as line-enablers for Craterhoof Behemoth, Genesis Wave, Exsanguinate, Shamanic Revelation, Chain of Smog, or a commander-centric turn. Add role cards: Veil of Summer, Noxious Revival, and Krosan Grip when blue or black interaction, discard, counterspells, or lock permanents are visible. Reduce main-deck emphasis: Final Act and In Garruk's Wake when the opponent is creature-light.

- Combo: Identify whether your role is faster engine, disruption, or pressure plus one answer. Tutor choices with Demonic Tutor and Diabolic Intent should first check whether the table dies to Exsanguinate, Craterhoof Behemoth, Genesis Wave, Chain of Smog with Witherbloom Apprentice, or a token-doubling push with Second Harvest; if not, search for interaction that stops the visible winning piece. Hold Assassin's Trophy, Krosan Grip, Force of Vigor, Putrefy, Pithing Needle, Nihil Spellbomb, or Veil of Summer for the card or ability that actually enables the win. Do not tap out for Shamanic Revelation, Majestic Genesis, Army of the Damned, or Ezuri's Predation if a public combo threat can win before you untap. Card text check required for Witherbloom, the Balancer, Emeritus of Woe, Emeritus of Abundance, Dina's Guidance, Nature's Rhythm, Splinter's Technique, Cauldron of Essence, and Majestic Genesis before relying on them as combo interaction or deterministic setup.

- Tempo: Preserve mana efficiency and avoid exposing a single expensive spell into open interaction. Cheap acceleration is strong only when it converts into two-spell turns or protected threats; otherwise the tempo opponent can punish you for spending turns on setup. Play Skullclamp, Orcish Bowmasters, Deathrite Shaman, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Witherbloom Apprentice, and Sedgemoor Witch as low-cost pressure or punishment engines. Use Heroic Intervention and Golgari Charm carefully because protecting one permanent may be worse than redeploying two threats. Add role cards: Veil of Summer against blue or black tempo interaction, Putrefy against must-kill creatures or artifacts, and Reclamation Sage when a tempo permanent is the bottleneck.

- Midrange: Win by making every exchange leave behind mana, bodies, damage, or recursion. Favor Skullclamp plus expendable creatures, Eternal Witness rebuy lines, Deathrite Shaman resource pressure, Scavenging Ooze post-board graveyard pressure, and sacrifice-friendly boards with Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Warren Soultrader, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, and Sedgemoor Witch. Trade removal for engines, not replaceable bodies, unless combat math requires it. Shamanic Revelation and Genesis Wave are strong when the battlefield is stable; Final Act, Casualties of War, Ezuri's Predation, and In Garruk's Wake are catch-up or parity-break tools when the opponent overcommits.

- Big mana: Race their top end by turning early acceleration into a decisive payoff before their mana advantage dominates. Prioritize mana creatures, Circle of Dreams Druid, Cultivate, Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, Awaken the Woods, and land drops, then decide between Craterhoof Behemoth, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Ezuri's Predation, or Casualties of War based on visible board texture. Use Assassin's Trophy sparingly because giving mana to a big-mana opponent can worsen the next turn unless the target is decisive. Pithing Needle can matter against a public activated engine, while Force of Vigor, Krosan Grip, Reclamation Sage, and Putrefy answer artifact or enchantment acceleration only when slowing that permanent changes the clock.

- Graveyard: Treat graveyards as resources unless the opponent shows graveyard dependency. Keep Bojuka Bog timing patient when the opponent is likely to add more key cards, but use it immediately if waiting gives them a legal winning action. Add role cards: Nihil Spellbomb for broad graveyard control, Scavenging Ooze for creature-card pressure and life gain, and Noxious Revival when one graveyard card must be denied or one of your own key cards must be redrawn. Preserve your own Eternal Witness, Deathrite Shaman, Noxious Revival, and recursion-adjacent plans when graveyard hate would cost more than it stops.

- Artifact/enchantment: Answer the permanent that prevents your deck from functioning, then resume engine development. Assassin's Trophy and Casualties of War are broad answers, Feed the Swarm covers enchantments at a life cost, Pest Infestation can remove multiple targets while creating bodies, and Golgari Charm may answer small enchantments if legal action text confirms that mode. Add role cards: Force of Vigor for urgent multi-permanent pressure, Krosan Grip when response windows matter, Reclamation Sage when a creature body is also useful, Putrefy for artifact creatures or artifacts, and Pithing Needle for public activated abilities. Do not spend Krosan Grip or Force of Vigor on a minor value piece if a lock permanent is still likely.

- Go-wide: Build toward a board state where their numbers become your drain, card draw, or overrun fuel. Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Sedgemoor Witch, Sprout Swarm, Second Harvest, Awaken the Woods, and Army of the Damned all scale with bodies, but survival comes first. Use Arachnogenesis to change a lethal attack into a swing-back position when legal. Final Act, Ezuri's Predation, In Garruk's Wake, Pest Infestation, and Culling Ritual are high-impact only when the after-state favors you or produces a winning redeploy.

- Single-threat: Conserve universal answers for the one card that matters. Assassin's Trophy, Deadly Brew, Feed the Swarm, Putrefy, Casualties of War, Finale of Eternity, and Final Act should be aimed at the commander, protected creature, enchantment, artifact, or planeswalker-like permanent that controls the game, subject to legal targets. Diabolic Intent can find an answer when your board has expendable bodies. Pithing Needle is strong only if the threat depends on an activated ability; do not use it against static, triggered, or combat-only threats.

- Burn: Protect life total as a resource but do not become too passive. Scavenging Ooze, Exsanguinate, Shamanic Revelation, Witherbloom Apprentice, Deathrite Shaman, and blockers can change racing math if their legal text supports life gain or drain at runtime. Avoid unnecessary Feed the Swarm life payments unless the enchantment is more dangerous than the life loss. Use Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, tokens, and sacrifice lines to turn board presence into reach before burn finishes the game. Add role cards: Veil of Summer only against blue or black burn-adjacent interaction, not red damage spells by assumption.

- Removal-heavy: Diversify threats and make removal trigger your plan. Lead with recursive, replaceable, or punishing permanents before committing Craterhoof Behemoth, Circle of Dreams Druid, Tendershoot Dryad, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, or Witherbloom, the Balancer into open mana. Skullclamp, Eternal Witness, Noxious Revival, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Sedgemoor Witch, Sprout Swarm, and token makers reduce the cost of attrition. Use Heroic Intervention, Golgari Charm, and Veil of Summer for turns where protection preserves a decisive engine or payoff, not merely to save the least important creature.

## Specific Matchup Notes
- General/archetype-only: Exact opponents are absent, so revealed cards, public zones, commander identity, and Veles legal actions override these assumptions. Treat every note as a routing hint until the runtime state confirms the opposing plan.

- Graveyard engines: Add role cards: Nihil Spellbomb, Scavenging Ooze, and Noxious Revival when the opponent shows recursion, reanimation, escape-like pressure, or graveyard-count payoffs. Priority objects are public graveyard payoff cards, recursion enablers, and sacrifice loops; preserve Bojuka Bog until waiting risks an immediate legal payoff.

- Artifact/enchantment pressure: Add role cards: Force of Vigor, Krosan Grip, Reclamation Sage, Putrefy, and Pithing Needle when a public permanent is limiting Witherbloom development or enabling a faster clock. Priority objects are lock pieces, mana engines, repeatable activated abilities, and artifacts or enchantments that stop Skullclamp, token production, drain engines, or Craterhoof Behemoth turns.

- Creature swarms: Add role cards: Culling Ritual and Putrefy when the opponent presents many cheap permanents or one creature that invalidates combat. Priority objects are anthem-like effects, sacrifice payoffs, tap engines, and creatures that make Arachnogenesis, Final Act, Ezuri's Predation, or In Garruk's Wake necessary before the swing-back turn.

- Blue or black interaction: Add role cards: Veil of Summer when the opponent reveals countermagic, discard, black removal, or stack interaction. Priority turns are Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Genesis Wave, Exsanguinate, Craterhoof Behemoth, Casualties of War, and commander commitment turns; do not spend protection on a low-impact exchange if a closer turn is approaching.

- Single commander or single engine: Add role cards: Pithing Needle, Putrefy, Reclamation Sage, Krosan Grip, or Force of Vigor according to visible permanent type and legal object text. Priority objects are the commander, activated engine, protected artifact or enchantment, or combat piece that converts one permanent into a game-ending advantage.

- Fast damage: Reduce main-deck emphasis: slow expensive payoffs when early survival is not stable. Prioritize Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, mana creatures, cheap blockers, Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Witherbloom Apprentice, Scavenging Ooze, Shamanic Revelation, Arachnogenesis, and Exsanguinate lines that change life-total math.

## Risk Summary
- Mana risk: The deck can draw expensive spells without enough early acceleration, so mulligans must value lands, green access, and one- or two-mana development from Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, Arbor Elf, Llanowar Elves, Elvish Mystic, Fyndhorn Elves, Elves of Deep Shadow, Birds of Paradise, Deathrite Shaman, Delighted Halfling, or Cultivate. Keep Boseiju, Who Shelters All only when its colorless utility does not block early green and black requirements.

- Draw risk: Token boards without Skullclamp, Shamanic Revelation, Grim Backwoods, Eternal Witness, or a payoff can stall into harmless bodies. Convert expendable creatures into cards or pressure before a sweeper resets the board, but do not sacrifice the only mana creature needed for a decisive turn.

- Matchup risk: The deck is flexible but can answer the wrong axis if it guesses before public information appears. Let revealed cards decide whether the game is about graveyards, artifacts, enchantments, creatures, stack interaction, or racing.

- Over-sideboarding risk: The 10-card sideboard is powerful but narrow, so adding too many reactive cards can dilute mana acceleration, token density, and drain payoff density. Reduce main-deck emphasis only on cards that are slow or poorly aligned with the revealed opposing plan.

- Graveyard risk: Bojuka Bog, Deathrite Shaman, Eternal Witness, Noxious Revival, Nihil Spellbomb, and Scavenging Ooze can fight over the same zone. Use graveyard hate when it changes the opponent's next legal action, and avoid consuming your own key recursion target without a clear payoff.

- Sweeper/removal risk: Craterhoof Behemoth, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Sedgemoor Witch, Army of the Damned, and Second Harvest invite sweepers when committed into open mana. Favor staggered threats unless Heroic Intervention, Golgari Charm, Veil of Summer, or immediate lethal pressure justifies the commitment.

- Closer risk: Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Craterhoof Behemoth, Ezuri's Predation, In Garruk's Wake, and Casualties of War are expensive and punish poor sequencing. Count mana, blockers, drain triggers, and visible interaction before selecting the closer; a premature payoff often loses more than a patient engine turn.

- Interaction risk: Assassin's Trophy can accelerate a big-mana opponent, Feed the Swarm can cost critical life, and Deadly Brew can sacrifice valuable material. Use each answer only when the target is more dangerous than the resource given up.

- Sequencing risk: Diabolic Intent, Skullclamp, Warren Soultrader, Circle of Dreams Druid, Sprout Swarm, Second Harvest, and Awaken the Woods depend heavily on board texture. Make land drops, preserve required bodies, and let Veles legal prompts confirm targets, costs, and timing before committing a multi-step line.

## Test Feedback Checklist
- Deciding factor: Identify the turn where the game became favored or losing, then name the visible permanent, stack exchange, combat step, tutor choice, or life-total swing that caused it. Record whether the deciding card was a drain piece such as Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Witherbloom Apprentice, or Stensian Sanguinist; a token payoff such as Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Army of the Damned, Second Harvest, or Awaken the Woods; or a closer such as Craterhoof Behemoth, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Ezuri's Predation, In Garruk's Wake, or Casualties of War.

- Mulligans: Record whether the opener had green mana, black mana, two functional mana sources, and an early accelerator from Sol Ring, Arcane Signet, Arbor Elf, Llanowar Elves, Elvish Mystic, Fyndhorn Elves, Elves of Deep Shadow, Birds of Paradise, Deathrite Shaman, Delighted Halfling, Dark Ritual, Cabal Ritual, or Cultivate. Flag keeps where the hand had expensive payoffs but no way to bridge into them.

- Mana: Track every game where Boseiju, Who Shelters All, Bojuka Bog, Study Hall, Grim Backwoods, Hissing Quagmire, Witherbloom Campus, Haunted Mire, Festering Thicket, Vernal Fen, Viridescent Bog, or colorless/slow utility sequencing delayed a critical green or black spell. Note whether Circle of Dreams Druid, Beledros Witherbloom, Emeritus of Abundance, or mana creatures converted the delay into a stronger later turn.

- Velocity: Ask whether Skullclamp, Shamanic Revelation, Grim Backwoods, Eternal Witness, Noxious Revival, Majestic Genesis, Dina's Guidance, or Genesis Wave actually found action before the opponent stabilized. Record stranded hands where token makers existed but card flow did not.

- Engines: Record whether Witherbloom, the Balancer, Sedgemoor Witch, Warren Soultrader, Chatterfang, Squirrel General, Tendershoot Dryad, Scute Swarm, Sprout Swarm, or Cauldron of Essence survived long enough to change the next two turns. If an engine died immediately, note whether protection from Heroic Intervention, Golgari Charm, Veil of Summer, Dosan the Falling Leaf, or Allosaurus Shepherd was available or worth waiting for.

- Removal: Record whether Assassin's Trophy, Deadly Brew, Feed the Swarm, Final Act, Pest Infestation, Casualties of War, Finale of Eternity, Golgari Charm, Arachnogenesis, or In Garruk's Wake answered the right axis. Flag any game where interaction was spent on a lower-impact target while a public commander, engine, graveyard payoff, artifact, enchantment, or lethal attacker remained.

- Sideboard: Record whether Force of Vigor, Krosan Grip, Reclamation Sage, Veil of Summer, Noxious Revival, Nihil Spellbomb, Scavenging Ooze, Culling Ritual, Putrefy, or Pithing Needle had a visible target or protected a decisive turn. Flag every added role card that stayed stranded, lacked legal targets, or diluted acceleration, token density, or drain density.

- Closing: Record whether the deck closed with combat, drain, attrition, or a large spell, and whether the chosen closer was one turn too early, one turn too late, or correctly timed. Count visible blockers, drain triggers, available mana, and known interaction before judging Craterhoof Behemoth, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Ezuri's Predation, and Second Harvest turns.

- Role and mistakes: Ask whether the pilot correctly played as ramp engine, sacrifice-drain attrition, token swarm, control reset, or combo-adjacent finisher. Mark mistakes where Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, Skullclamp, Chain of Smog, Diabolic Intent sacrifice costs, or Warren Soultrader costs were chosen without respecting visible board state and legal Veles prompts.

- Stranded and performance notes: List overperformers and underperformers by exact card name, with the reason tied to mana cost, timing, legal targets, matchup axis, or board texture. Include Formidable Speaker, Chomping Changeling, Emeritus of Woe, Emeritus of Abundance, Dina's Guidance, Nature's Rhythm, Splinter's Technique, and Cauldron of Essence when they appear, because these are easy to mis-evaluate without game logs.

## First Tuning Questions
- Mana structure: Do Forest and Swamp counts plus Command Tower, Llanowar Wastes, Twilight Mire, Woodland Cemetery, Deathcap Glade, Necroblossom Snarl, Exotic Orchard, Verdant Catacombs, Terramorphic Expanse, and the tapped lands support turn-one green acceleration and early black interaction often enough? If not, should the list reduce slow utility lands or change the basic-land balance?

- Acceleration density: Did the number of one-mana accelerants and rituals produce reliable early development, or were Dark Ritual and Cabal Ritual only strong in high-variance hands? If rituals underperformed, should the plan lean more on persistent mana from creatures, Arcane Signet, Cultivate, Circle of Dreams Druid, and Beledros Witherbloom?

- Engine density: Did the deck need more sacrifice, token, drain, or card-draw density to make Blood Artist, Zulaport Cutthroat, Mirkwood Bats, Witherbloom Apprentice, Skullclamp, and Warren Soultrader decisive? If boards stalled, identify whether the missing piece was fodder, payoff, protection, or velocity.

- Aggro plan: Against fast creature pressure, did Arachnogenesis, Final Act, Golgari Charm, Pest Infestation, Feed the Swarm, Deadly Brew, and lifegain from Exsanguinate or Scavenging Ooze buy enough time? If not, should sideboard role cards emphasize Culling Ritual, Putrefy, and cheaper stabilization more often?

- Control plan: Against removal and counters, did Dosan the Falling Leaf, Allosaurus Shepherd, Heroic Intervention, Veil of Summer, Boseiju, Who Shelters All, and threat staggering protect key turns? If not, ask whether the closers are too concentrated in expensive sorcery-speed commitments.

- Closing package: Did Craterhoof Behemoth, Exsanguinate, Genesis Wave, Ezuri's Predation, In Garruk's Wake, Army of the Damned, Second Harvest, and Casualties of War end games or clog hands? If closers stranded often, tune toward lower-curve pressure or more card flow before adding more finishers.

- Sideboard slots: Which sideboard card had no matchup where it changed legal decisions or visible outcomes: Force of Vigor, Krosan Grip, Reclamation Sage, Veil of Summer, Noxious Revival, Nihil Spellbomb, Scavenging Ooze, Culling Ritual, Putrefy, or Pithing Needle? Keep narrow cards only when they answer a recurring public axis.

- Role conflicts: Did tribal, token, sacrifice-drain, ramp, and commander-midrange plans support each other, or did cards like Chomping Changeling, Formidable Speaker, Emeritus of Woe, Emeritus of Abundance, Nature's Rhythm, Splinter's Technique, and Dina's Guidance pull decisions in different directions? Use logs to decide whether each package creates wins or merely explains losses.

## Veles Tactical Policy

### Policy: Functional Opening Keep
Priority: High
Decision families: mulligan
Cards: Arbor Elf; Llanowar Elves; Elvish Mystic; Fyndhorn Elves; Elves of Deep Shadow; Birds of Paradise; Sol Ring; Arcane Signet; Cultivate
Phase windows: pregame, opening hand
Runtime cues: prompt:mulligan; visible opening hand
Use when: evaluate whether the hand has castable mana, an early accelerator, and a turn-two or turn-three development path.
Avoid when: the hand has only expensive payoffs, only slow tapped lands, or no green source for creature acceleration.
Instructions: Keep hands that bridge into engines; reject hands that ask the deck to topdeck both mana and action.
Pilot skill floor: low
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: First Acceleration Setup
Priority: Medium
Decision families: mana; priority
Cards: Arbor Elf; Llanowar Elves; Elvish Mystic; Fyndhorn Elves; Elves of Deep Shadow; Birds of Paradise; Deathrite Shaman; Delighted Halfling; Sol Ring; Arcane Signet
Phase windows: turns 1-3 main phases
Runtime cues: legal cast action for one-mana accelerator or mana rock
Use when: choose the earliest legal acceleration that preserves needed colors for the next known play.
Avoid when: holding interaction is required against a visible lethal or engine threat.
Instructions: Develop persistent mana before speculative payoffs; prefer color-fixing creatures when the hand is color-pinched.
Pilot skill floor: low
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Ritual Commitment Gate
Priority: Medium
Decision families: mana; priority
Cards: Dark Ritual; Cabal Ritual; Exsanguinate; Genesis Wave; Army of the Damned; In Garruk's Wake; Casualties of War
Phase windows: main phase, stack empty
Runtime cues: legal cast action for Dark Ritual or Cabal Ritual
Use when: decide whether the temporary mana converts this turn into a decisive spell, protected engine, or stabilizing reset.
Avoid when: the ritual only accelerates into a card that remains exposed without changing the board or life race.
Instructions: Spend rituals for immediate conversion; do not use them merely to empty the hand.
Pilot skill floor: medium
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Token Engine Commitment Gate
Priority: High
Decision families: priority; mana
Cards: Sedgemoor Witch; Tendershoot Dryad; Scute Swarm; Chatterfang, Squirrel General; Awaken the Woods; Sprout Swarm; Second Harvest
Phase windows: main phase, end step for instants
Runtime cues: legal cast action for token engine or token multiplier
Use when: choose whether committing an engine now beats waiting for protection, mana, or more fodder.
Avoid when: visible sweepers, open interaction, or no follow-up makes the engine unlikely to matter.
Instructions: Commit engines when they create material before the next opponent turn or force removal away from a stronger finisher.
Pilot skill floor: medium
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Drain Engine Commitment Gate
Priority: High
Decision families: priority; interaction
Cards: Blood Artist; Zulaport Cutthroat; Mirkwood Bats; Witherbloom Apprentice; Warren Soultrader; Chain of Smog
Phase windows: main phase, combo setup turns
Runtime cues: legal cast action for drain payoff or sacrifice engine
Use when: determine whether drain pieces should enter before sacrifice, tokens, or Chain of Smog lines.
Avoid when: the payoff has no imminent triggers and a visible threat requires removal first.
Instructions: Assemble payoff plus fodder before cashing resources; protect Witherbloom Apprentice when Chain of Smog is available.
Pilot skill floor: high
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Chain Of Smog Self-Target Execution
Priority: High
Decision families: selection; priority
Cards: Chain of Smog; Witherbloom Apprentice
Phase windows: main phase, Chain of Smog target prompt or copy prompt
Runtime cues: action:target self Chain of Smog
Use when: Witherbloom Apprentice is visible under your control, Chain of Smog is resolving or being copied, and the selected line is to target yourself.
Avoid when: Witherbloom Apprentice is not visible under your control or the prompt is not a Chain of Smog target prompt.
Instructions: Choose the legal self-target action when the combo commitment has already been selected by a reasoning policy.
Pilot skill floor: low
No-API allowed: yes
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Big Finisher Gate
Priority: High
Decision families: priority; mana; combat
Cards: Craterhoof Behemoth; Exsanguinate; Genesis Wave; Finale of Eternity; Ezuri's Predation; Army of the Damned; Majestic Genesis
Phase windows: main phase, precombat main phase for combat finishers
Runtime cues: legal cast action for large finisher
Use when: compare visible lethal, stabilization, card advantage, and exposure before tapping out.
Avoid when: the finisher is not lethal or stabilizing and passing with interaction is stronger against a visible threat.
Instructions: Fire closers when they win, reset the race, or create a board that survives known public answers.
Pilot skill floor: high
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Craterhoof Attack Resolution
Priority: High
Decision families: combat
Cards: Craterhoof Behemoth
Phase windows: declare attackers
Runtime cues: action:attack with all creatures; action:attack opponent
Use when: a legal attack action visibly presents lethal damage after Craterhoof Behemoth has resolved this turn.
Avoid when: multiple attack configurations exist and lethal or survival depends on blocker math.
Instructions: If exactly one all-in attack action exists after the finisher line, take the visible lethal attack; otherwise route combat through reasoning.
Pilot skill floor: medium
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Removal Target Gate
Priority: High
Decision families: interaction; priority
Cards: Assassin's Trophy; Feed the Swarm; Deadly Brew; Putrefy; Casualties of War; Pest Infestation; Final Act; Golgari Charm
Phase windows: opponent priority, main phase, combat trick windows
Runtime cues: legal removal or sweeper action
Use when: choose removal for visible commanders, combo engines, lethal attackers, lock pieces, or blockers preventing a decisive attack.
Avoid when: the target is low impact and a stronger public threat remains.
Instructions: Spend flexible answers on the axis that will beat you before your next decisive turn.
Pilot skill floor: high
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Protection Commitment Gate
Priority: High
Decision families: interaction; priority
Cards: Heroic Intervention; Golgari Charm; Veil of Summer; Dosan the Falling Leaf; Allosaurus Shepherd; Boseiju, Who Shelters All
Phase windows: response windows, pre-combo main phase, pre-finisher turns
Runtime cues: legal protection action or anti-interaction setup action
Use when: protect a decisive board, Chain of Smog turn, Genesis Wave turn, or Craterhoof Behemoth turn from visible interaction or likely open mana.
Avoid when: protection does not cover the public threat or spending mana prevents paying required costs.
Instructions: Hold protection for high-impact turns unless survival requires immediate use.
Pilot skill floor: high
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Board Reset Gate
Priority: High
Decision families: interaction; priority
Cards: Final Act; In Garruk's Wake; Ezuri's Predation; Arachnogenesis; Culling Ritual
Phase windows: main phase, combat prevention windows
Runtime cues: legal sweeper, prevention, or reset action
Use when: decide whether resetting now preserves life, breaks parity, or clears blockers for a future close.
Avoid when: your board is the primary route to victory and the opponent's public board is not threatening lethal or lock pressure.
Instructions: Prefer asymmetric or prevention lines when they preserve drain payoffs, tokens, or a next-turn finisher.
Pilot skill floor: high
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Card-Flow Sacrifice Gate
Priority: Medium
Decision families: selection; priority
Cards: Skullclamp; Grim Backwoods; Diabolic Intent; Deadly Brew; Warren Soultrader; Eternal Witness
Phase windows: main phase, sacrifice prompts
Runtime cues: legal sacrifice, equip, draw, or tutor-cost prompt
Use when: choose fodder that is expendable relative to current engines, blockers, and drain triggers.
Avoid when: sacrificing the only mana source, only payoff, or only blocker exposes you to a visible loss.
Instructions: Convert tokens and redundant small creatures before engines; preserve Blood Artist-style payoffs when death triggers matter.
Pilot skill floor: medium
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Tutor And Selection Gate
Priority: High
Decision families: selection; priority
Cards: Demonic Tutor; Diabolic Intent; Finale of Eternity; Majestic Genesis; Genesis Wave; Eternal Witness; Noxious Revival
Phase windows: main phase, selection prompts, graveyard recursion prompts
Runtime cues: legal tutor, reveal, return, or library selection prompt
Use when: choose the card that answers the current public problem or completes the selected engine.
Avoid when: the target choice depends on hidden assumptions not supported by visible information.
Instructions: Tutor for mana when stranded, removal when dying, protection before commitment, and payoff when the engine is already present.
Pilot skill floor: high
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Graveyard Interaction Gate
Priority: Medium
Decision families: interaction; selection
Cards: Bojuka Bog; Deathrite Shaman; Nihil Spellbomb; Scavenging Ooze; Noxious Revival
Phase windows: land play, activated ability windows, response to graveyard action
Runtime cues: legal graveyard exile, graveyard target, or Bojuka Bog trigger prompt
Use when: a public graveyard contains a visible recursion target, combo piece, flashback card, or lethal resource.
Avoid when: using graveyard hate consumes the turn while a battlefield threat is killing you.
Instructions: Time graveyard hate in response to use when possible; otherwise use it before the opponent untaps into known graveyard lines.
Pilot skill floor: medium
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Combat Preserve Or Pressure
Priority: Medium
Decision families: combat
Cards: Arachnogenesis; Hissing Quagmire; Chomping Changeling; Tendershoot Dryad; Scute Swarm; Chatterfang, Squirrel General
Phase windows: declare attackers, declare blockers, combat tricks
Runtime cues: legal attack or block prompt
Use when: decide whether life total, token count, drain triggers, or future Craterhoof Behemoth math rewards attacking or holding back.
Avoid when: a broad attack loses necessary blockers under a visible short clock.
Instructions: Preserve engine creatures and enough blockers against crack-back lethal; attack when pressure advances a drain or finisher clock.
Pilot skill floor: medium
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Mandatory Mana Payment Execution
Priority: Low
Decision families: mana
Cards: none
Phase windows: mana payment prompts
Runtime cues: action:pay; action:tap for mana
Use when: exactly one legal payment action is shown and it pays the spell or ability already selected.
Avoid when: multiple mana-source choices exist or colors left after payment affect visible follow-up actions.
Instructions: Take the sole legal payment action; route multi-source payments through reasoning when future colors matter.
Pilot skill floor: low
No-API allowed: yes
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Commander Deployment Gate
Priority: Medium
Decision families: priority; mana
Cards: Witherbloom, the Balancer
Phase windows: main phase, commander cast windows
Runtime cues: legal cast action for Witherbloom, the Balancer
Use when: decide whether commander deployment improves the next turn more than ramp, protection, interaction, or a payoff.
Avoid when: commander tax or open removal makes a later protected deployment stronger.
Instructions: Cast the commander when it immediately advances the selected role or demands removal before a higher-value engine.
Pilot skill floor: medium
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Sideboard Role Selection
Priority: Medium
Decision families: sideboard
Cards: Force of Vigor; Krosan Grip; Reclamation Sage; Veil of Summer; Noxious Revival; Nihil Spellbomb; Scavenging Ooze; Culling Ritual; Putrefy; Pithing Needle
Phase windows: sideboarding between games
Runtime cues: prompt:sideboard; matchup label; public prior-game notes; visible commander; revealed engines; game number
Use when: choose sideboard role cards for the opponent's demonstrated artifacts, enchantments, graveyard reliance, stack interaction, activated abilities, compact combo texture, or creature pressure.
Avoid when: the role card has no observed object or matchup role and adding it dilutes acceleration, token density, drain density, or closing power.
Instructions: Preserve the core mana-engine-drain shell; add narrow answers only when prior games or known archetype context justify them. Do not select a plan because a card is generically powerful; connect every registered sideboard card to a public failure mode.
Pilot skill floor: medium
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Sideboard Lock Submission
Priority: High
Decision families: sideboard; validation
Cards: Force of Vigor; Krosan Grip; Reclamation Sage; Veil of Summer; Noxious Revival; Nihil Spellbomb; Scavenging Ooze; Culling Ritual; Putrefy; Pithing Needle
Phase windows: sideboarding between games before lock
Runtime cues: prompt:sideboard; legal swap candidates; registered main deck; registered sideboard; validation result
Use when: submitting the final sideboard configuration for Game 2 or Game 3.
Avoid when: any proposed incoming card is not one of the registered ten sideboard cards, any removed card is not in the registered main deck, counts are unbalanced, or the resulting Commander-family deck would not preserve exactly 100 main-deck cards plus exactly 10 sideboard cards.
Instructions: Submit only validated swaps using exact card spelling. If a generated plan is illegal or contains an unregistered spelling, reject it and fall back to the nearest legal role plan supported by public evidence.
Pilot skill floor: low
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Narrow Answer Deployment
Priority: Medium
Decision families: sideboard; priority; target-selection; name-selection
Cards: Force of Vigor; Krosan Grip; Reclamation Sage; Nihil Spellbomb; Scavenging Ooze; Putrefy; Pithing Needle
Phase windows: post-sideboard gameplay; priority windows; main phase; opponent end step; response windows
Runtime cues: legal actions; public permanent types; graveyard contents; activated ability text; stack protection; available mana; visible lethal or combo pressure
Use when: a sideboard card is already in the game and there is a public object whose removal, naming, or graveyard denial changes the opponent's next meaningful action.
Avoid when: the proposed play trades a narrow answer for a minor value permanent while a lock piece, commander engine, graveyard payoff, or protected combo object remains likely.
Instructions: Hold Krosan Grip and Force of Vigor for permanents that shut off the Witherbloom plan or enable a fast win; use Reclamation Sage when the body matters; use Nihil Spellbomb or Scavenging Ooze when timing denies a real graveyard payoff; use Pithing Needle only from visible information or legal prompt context.
Pilot skill floor: medium
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Anti-Control Protection Timing
Priority: Medium
Decision families: sideboard; priority; spell-protection; recursion
Cards: Veil of Summer; Noxious Revival; Krosan Grip
Phase windows: decisive spell turns; response windows; post-discard recovery; lock-permanent windows
Runtime cues: visible blue or black mana; counterspell or discard history; removal aimed at engine creatures; key spell on stack; important card in graveyard; protected artifact or enchantment
Use when: protecting or rebuilding a decisive line involving Witherbloom Apprentice, Chain of Smog, Genesis Wave, Exsanguinate, Craterhoof Behemoth, Shamanic Revelation, Demonic Tutor, Diabolic Intent, or a commander-centric engine turn.
Avoid when: the exchange is low impact, the opponent has not shown blue or black interaction, the graveyard card does not convert soon, or Krosan Grip would answer a replaceable value permanent while a real lock remains unresolved.
Instructions: Treat Veil of Summer as a shield for a chosen turn, not a default cantrip. Treat Noxious Revival as a way to redraw a decisive card or deny one exact opposing graveyard card. Treat Krosan Grip as the answer reserved for stack-protected artifacts or enchantments.
Pilot skill floor: medium
No-API allowed: no
Light-model allowed: yes
