# Strategy Specifications
## Deck Name And Archetype

- Deck name: Hardened Scales.
- Strategy id: `edge_1v1_hardened_scales`.
- Format: Modern.
- Registered colors: green, with artifact-heavy threats and lands that create non-green tactical pressure through `Walking Ballista`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Arcbound Ravager`, modular counters, and Saga tokens.
- Current count validation: 60 main-deck cards and 15 sideboard cards; this satisfies the supplied Modern deck construction contract of at least 60 main-deck cards and at most 15 sideboard cards.
- Format-aware validation status: passes under the supplied active validation result. External legality, banlist freshness, and exact runtime text support should still be treated as validation concerns if Veles lacks current card-reference metadata.

Hardened Scales is a proactive Modern artifact-counter deck built around replacement effects, modular movement, artifact sacrifice, and creature-land combat. The core plan is to put extra +1/+1 counters onto cheap artifacts and artifact creatures with `Hardened Scales`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Llanowar Reborn`, and `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, then convert those counters into lethal combat, poison, or direct damage through `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, and `The Ozolith`.

The archetype status is hybrid-stock: the registered shell is recognizably Modern Hardened Scales, but this exact version is marked as edge-case and draft-only for Veles because it stresses counter replacement, modular trigger ordering, artifact sacrifice, activated abilities, and creature-land timing. A decision agent must avoid treating this as ordinary green aggro; the deck’s strongest turns often require sequencing multiple replacement and triggered effects before combat or before a sacrifice chain.

The registered tags are `counter replacement`, `modular`, `artifact sacrifice`, `creature-land combat`, `trigger ordering`, `edge-case`, and `draft-only`. Runtime policy should use those tags as a warning that apparently simple choices can be strategically dense: sacrificing an artifact to `Arcbound Ravager`, moving counters with modular, banking counters with `The Ozolith`, activating `Inkmoth Nexus`, or assigning counters to `Walking Ballista` can change the game outcome immediately.

The main-deck role structure is compact and synergy-dependent. `Hardened Scales`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `The Ozolith`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, and `Llanowar Reborn` are counter amplification and counter-storage infrastructure. `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Patchwork Automaton`, and `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` are board material, payoff, or conversion pieces. `Ancient Stirrings` and `Urza's Saga` provide selection and repeatable artifact access. `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Grove of the Burnwillows`, `Boseiju, Who Endures`, and `Forest` define the mana and utility-land constraints.

The sideboard is tactical rather than transformational. `Dismember` covers creature interaction; `Nature's Claim` and `Haywire Mite` cover artifact/enchantment pressure; `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` protects key permanents; `Pithing Needle` handles activated-ability targets; `Grafdigger's Cage` and `Tormod's Crypt` are graveyard or library-cast pressure tools; `The Stone Brain` is a named-card disruption plan. Sideboarding must preserve enough artifacts, counter engines, and threat density for the deck to still function.

Legality and support concerns are real for runtime validation. The supplied contract says the list passes Modern validation, but Veles should still validate current Modern legality, exact Oracle text, replacement-effect stacking, modular trigger ownership, `The Ozolith` trigger handling, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp` counter modification, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire` activation timing, `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` granted-ability behavior, `Urza's Saga` chapter handling, and `Inkmoth Nexus` animation/combat timing in Forge before accepting playtest proof.

Opponent information status: no opponent deck, matchup, known hand, battlefield, or metagame context is supplied in this batch. All guidance must therefore be written from registered-deck structure plus visible runtime state, not from assumed opposing cards. When matchup examples are later needed, opponent-only cards must stay in prose or be prefixed as `opponent:` in policy card fields.

## Thesis

Hardened Scales assembles a counter-amplified artifact battlefield, then converts stored +1/+1 counters into lethal combat, poison, or damage before the opponent can make normal one-for-one interaction matter. The priority is to establish at least one counter multiplier or counter bank with `Hardened Scales`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `The Ozolith`, `Llanowar Reborn`, or `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, then place counters on artifact bodies that can be sacrificed, animated, or converted into damage through `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, and modular triggers.

The deck wins by making small permanents scale beyond their printed size, not by curving out as ordinary green aggro. `Arcbound Worker`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Hangarback Walker`, Saga tokens from `Urza's Saga`, and `Inkmoth Nexus` are acceptable early pressure only when they also preserve a counter-growth line, artifact count, or future sacrifice chain. Do not spend key artifacts casually if the visible board suggests a later `Arcbound Ravager` transfer, `The Ozolith` pickup, `Walking Ballista` kill, or `Inkmoth Nexus` poison line.

The deck is not trying to play a long attrition game with abundant removal, broad card draw, or generic midrange exchanges. `Ancient Stirrings` and `Urza's Saga` are selection engines that find the correct artifact, land, or pressure piece for the visible state; they do not replace the need to keep enough battlefield material. Sideboard interaction should be used to clear hate, stop a decisive opposing permanent, or protect the engine, while preserving the artifact density and counter infrastructure needed to end the game.

The agent should prioritize legal visible-line execution over speculative hidden-information plays. Runtime decisions must respect replacement effects, modular trigger ownership, sacrifice timing, `Inkmoth Nexus` animation windows, `Walking Ballista` counter math, and exact rules-engine legal actions. If Forge or card metadata does not expose exact text for a counter, trigger, activated ability, or replacement interaction, treat the line as a validation concern and avoid inventing legality.

## Role Package

- Threats: `Walking Ballista`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, and Saga tokens from `Urza's Saga` are the main battlefield threats. Prioritize threats that either enter with counters, receive counters efficiently, carry modular value, or can become lethal after counter movement.

- Payoffs: `Walking Ballista` converts counters into damage, `Inkmoth Nexus` converts counters into poison pressure, `Arcbound Ravager` converts artifacts into burst counters, and `Hangarback Walker` converts counters and death into additional artifact bodies. `The Ozolith` is a payoff-bank because it preserves counters after creatures leave the battlefield and can turn a future creature-land or artifact body into a sudden kill.

- Engines: `Hardened Scales`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `Llanowar Reborn`, `The Ozolith`, `Agatha's Soul Cauldron`, and `Urza's Saga` are the engine layer. Keep engine pieces when they multiply multiple future counters; avoid exposing a single engine to removal when the hand cannot convert it into pressure.

- Velocity: `Ancient Stirrings` is the main selection spell and should look for the missing piece in the current visible plan: counter engine, artifact threat, `Urza's Saga`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Walking Ballista`, or protection-adjacent artifact. `Urza's Saga` is also velocity because its chapter progression creates bodies and can find registered low-cost artifacts when legal actions expose that search.

- Interaction: Main-deck interaction is narrow and mostly permanent-based: `Boseiju, Who Endures` answers certain opposing permanents when the rules engine offers the channel line, while `Walking Ballista` can remove creatures or finish players if counters are available. Sideboard interaction expands through `Dismember`, `Nature's Claim`, `Pithing Needle`, `Grafdigger's Cage`, `Haywire Mite`, `Tormod's Crypt`, and `The Stone Brain`.

- Protection: `Welding Jar` protects artifact permanents from some destruction patterns when legal, and `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` is the sideboard protection module for key permanents. Protection should be held for `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `The Ozolith`, `Hardened Scales`, a lethal `Inkmoth Nexus`, or a decisive Saga token when that permanent anchors the visible win.

- Recursion and preservation: This list has no true creature-recursion plan. Treat `The Ozolith` as counter preservation, `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` as graveyard-to-battlefield ability/counter infrastructure when supported by exact metadata, and `Hangarback Walker` as material replacement after death, not as recursion.

- Mana: `Forest`, `Grove of the Burnwillows`, `Llanowar Reborn`, `Urza's Saga`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, and `Boseiju, Who Endures` form a utility-heavy mana base. Sequence lands so green mana is available for `Hardened Scales` and `Ancient Stirrings`, while preserving `Inkmoth Nexus` and `Urza's Saga` as threats rather than spending them as ordinary colorless sources when a near-term combat kill is visible.

- Sideboard modules: `Dismember` handles creature pressure, `Nature's Claim` and `Haywire Mite` handle artifact/enchantment problems, `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` protects important permanents, `Pithing Needle` attacks activated abilities, `Grafdigger's Cage` and `Tormod's Crypt` attack graveyard or library-cast plans, and `The Stone Brain` attacks a known named-card dependency.

## Primary Win Conditions

- `Arcbound Ravager` counter-transfer kill is the default explosive win when the battlefield has artifact material and a legal counter carrier. Set up `Hardened Scales`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `The Ozolith`, or `Llanowar Reborn` before committing sacrifices when possible; execute by sacrificing expendable artifacts only after the rules engine exposes legal `Arcbound Ravager` activations and a visible lethal or near-lethal carrier exists. Prioritize this line when the opponent is tapped low, when removal is pointed at a modular creature, when `The Ozolith` can preserve counters through death, or when waiting exposes the board to sweepers or exile. Disruption to respect: instant-speed removal on the intended carrier, graveyard-independent exile, effects that stop activated abilities, and combat math where a large non-evasive creature is still blockable.

- `Inkmoth Nexus` poison is the cleanest shortcut against high life totals or stalled ground boards. Set up by preserving an untapped `Inkmoth Nexus`, green/counter engines, and transfer material from `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Hangarback Walker`, `The Ozolith`, or `Llanowar Reborn`; execute only after animation is legal and after confirming the infect creature can connect or survive the visible interaction window. Prioritize this line when normal damage is too slow, blockers are absent or irrelevant, or one large counter move produces lethal poison. Disruption to respect: removal after animation, forced sacrifice, flying/reach blockers when visible, and spending `Inkmoth Nexus` as mana before the kill window.

- `Walking Ballista` damage is the main noncombat finish and creature-control payoff. Set up with counter multipliers, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `The Ozolith`, `Arcbound Ravager` transfers, `Llanowar Reborn`, or enough mana to cast/activate it at a meaningful size; execute by using legal damage activations only when they produce lethal, remove a decisive creature, or preserve survival. Prioritize this line when combat is locked, life totals are low, or the opponent threatens to remove the counter bank. Disruption to respect: removal before counters convert to damage, prevention/protection effects visible to the engine, and wasting counters on nonessential targets when poison or combat is already lethal.

- `Urza's Saga` construct pressure wins games where the opponent cannot break up artifact density. Set up by making artifact permanents, protecting key artifacts with `Welding Jar` when legal, and using the Saga search chapter for the exact registered artifact the engine offers that completes the visible plan. Prioritize this line when `Hardened Scales` is absent but artifact count is high, when `Ancient Stirrings` finds `Urza's Saga`, or when the opponent is trading one-for-one with modular threats. Disruption to respect: land destruction, artifact hate, and over-sacrificing artifacts to `Arcbound Ravager` before construct combat matters.

## Secondary Win Conditions

- `Hangarback Walker` plus counter engines is the best grindy backup when the opponent can answer one large body. Grow it with `Hardened Scales`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Llanowar Reborn`, and legal activations, then let death replace material with artifact creature pressure only when that exchange is favorable or unavoidable. Prioritize it against removal-heavy boards and when `The Ozolith` can bank counters after death.

- `Patchwork Automaton` and `Arcbound Worker` create fair pressure while feeding the artifact and counter plan. Use them to start damage early, hold counters, and make later `Arcbound Ravager` or `The Ozolith` lines stronger; do not throw them into trades if their counters or artifact bodies are needed for a near-term lethal chain.

- `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp` is a win-condition enhancer rather than a standalone plan. Use it when its visible replacement or modular-related text is supported by card metadata and legal actions; if metadata is missing or the rules engine does not expose the relevant trigger/replacement choice clearly, treat exact counter math as a validation concern and avoid assuming extra counters beyond engine output.

- `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` is a secondary engine only when graveyards and card-reference metadata expose a legal, useful ability/counter interaction. Prioritize it when it turns dead creatures into battlefield functionality or counter growth; deprioritize it when the graveyard is empty, opposing graveyard hate is active, or exact ability access is uncertain.

## Emergency Lines

- When behind on life, stop treating every counter as a future combo resource and use `Walking Ballista`, `Dismember` after sideboard, or large blockers to prevent immediate lethal. Preserve `Inkmoth Nexus` as a surprise blocker or poison pivot only if the rules engine confirms legal animation and combat timing.

- When behind on board, rebuild around material-preserving permanents instead of all-in sacrifice. Favor `Hangarback Walker`, `Urza's Saga`, `The Ozolith`, `Arcbound Worker`, and `Patchwork Automaton`; use `Ancient Stirrings` to find the missing threat, land, or artifact engine rather than a redundant multiplier with no body.

- When behind on cards, make every permanent serve two jobs. Prefer `Urza's Saga` for tokens plus search, `Hangarback Walker` for replacement bodies, `The Ozolith` for counter preservation, and `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` only if visible graveyard text makes it functional.

- When behind on mana, prioritize green access for `Hardened Scales` and `Ancient Stirrings`, then preserve utility lands that are also win conditions. Do not spend `Boseiju, Who Endures` or animate `Inkmoth Nexus` casually if doing so prevents the next critical spell or lethal setup.

- When engines are removed, pivot to honest artifact combat and Saga pressure. `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Arcbound Worker`, and `Inkmoth Nexus` still win without `Hardened Scales`, but require tighter timing and less speculative sacrificing.

- When a primary win condition is removed, bank or reassign counters through legal modular triggers and `The Ozolith` whenever possible. If both counter banking and poison are unavailable, use `Walking Ballista` as removal first, then finish through construct or artifact-creature combat.

## Resource Model

- Board material is the primary resource, because nearly every artifact creature can become damage, counters, construct size, sacrifice fuel, or future `The Ozolith` inventory. Preserve `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Walking Ballista`, `Patchwork Automaton`, and `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp` as movable material until a visible combat, removal, or lethal window justifies conversion.

- Counters are stored value, not decoration. `Hardened Scales`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Llanowar Reborn`, modular bodies, `The Ozolith`, and `Walking Ballista` all turn small board pieces into compressed damage; avoid moving or spending counters unless the legal result wins, prevents lethal, beats removal, or creates a stronger protected carrier.

- Life is a spendable buffer only after combat math is checked. Game 1 has little direct life payment, but post-board `Dismember` may trade life for tempo; use that exchange when the target prevents lethal, blocks an `Inkmoth Nexus` kill, or breaks a faster opposing engine. `Nature's Claim` may raise a player's life total, so treat it as interaction first and as a liability when poison is not the active plan.

- Hand cards are sequencing capital. `Ancient Stirrings` converts one green mana into selection for lands, artifacts, or engine pieces exposed by legal card text; deploy it early when land drops or engines are missing, but hold it when a known top-card or post-Saga board state makes the selection better.

- Mana converts directly into counters and threat activation. Spending mana on `Hangarback Walker`, `Walking Ballista`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Urza's Saga`, and `Inkmoth Nexus` can be stronger than casting another permanent; before tapping out, compare immediate board growth against holding interaction, protection, or animation.

- Lands are not interchangeable. `Urza's Saga` is a threat and search engine, `Inkmoth Nexus` is a mana source and poison carrier, `Llanowar Reborn` is tapped counter setup, `Boseiju, Who Endures` is green mana and conditional interaction, `Grove of the Burnwillows` fixes green while giving the opponent life when tapped for colored mana, and `Forest` is the clean untapped green source.

- Sacrifice fodder is a tactical resource with timing risk. Feed `Arcbound Ravager` only when the visible stack, combat step, or lethal math rewards it; sacrificing `Urza's Saga` constructs, `Welding Jar`, or mana lands too early can shrink later attacks, remove protection, or strand activations.

- Graveyards and exile are conditional engines. `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` matters only when card-reference metadata and visible graveyards expose useful legal ability access; post-board `Grafdigger's Cage`, `Tormod's Crypt`, and `The Stone Brain` turn opposing graveyard, library, or combo resources into denied options. Do not assume hidden-library contents beyond rules-engine output.

- Information is a resource because this deck has many irreversible conversions. Use revealed hands, known removal, tapped mana, graveyard contents, Saga chapter timing, poison totals, and visible blockers before committing `Arcbound Ravager` sacrifices, `Walking Ballista` counters, `Inkmoth Nexus` animation, or `Boseiju, Who Endures` channel lines.

- Sideboard bullets convert narrow matchup pressure into time. `Pithing Needle`, `Grafdigger's Cage`, `Tormod's Crypt`, `The Stone Brain`, `Haywire Mite`, `Nature's Claim`, `Tamiyo's Safekeeping`, and `Dismember` should buy the turn needed for counters or poison to end the game, not replace the core proactive plan.

## Mana Guide

- Prioritize green access in almost every opener. `Hardened Scales`, `Ancient Stirrings`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Boseiju, Who Endures` channel lines, `Nature's Claim`, and `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` all depend on green mana; a hand with only `Inkmoth Nexus` and `Urza's Saga` must already contain castable artifacts and a credible plan.

- Treat `Forest` as the cleanest turn-one green source. `Grove of the Burnwillows` also supplies green, but its life-gain drawback matters when normal damage is the plan; when poison through `Inkmoth Nexus` is the plan, the opponent gaining life is often less important than casting `Hardened Scales` or `Ancient Stirrings` on time.

- Sequence tapped and utility lands around first-spell requirements. `Llanowar Reborn` entering tapped can support later counter development, but it cannot cast turn-one `Hardened Scales` or `Ancient Stirrings`; keep it in openers when another untapped source covers the first play or when the hand is artifact-heavy and slower by design.

- Preserve `Inkmoth Nexus` until its role is known. Use it as mana when developing `Arcbound Ravager`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Walking Ballista`, or `The Ozolith` is more important than poison; hold it untapped when a near-term infect attack, surprise block, or counter-transfer kill is visible.

- Plan `Urza's Saga` before playing it. It can dominate games through constructs and a later search, but it also occupies a land drop and eventually leaves the battlefield; avoid relying on it as the only continuing mana source unless the hand can operate after it expires.

- Play lands before draw or selection when the extra mana changes legal actions this turn. Play the land first if casting `Ancient Stirrings`, activating `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, animating `Inkmoth Nexus`, or holding `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` depends on it; wait until after `Ancient Stirrings` when the hand has enough mana and the land choice should be informed by the revealed options.

- Mulligan mana-light hands that cannot cast green setup or meaningful artifacts. Keep one-land hands mainly when the land is an untapped green source plus `Ancient Stirrings`, or when `Urza's Saga` plus cheap artifacts creates a complete pressure plan; ship hands that need both a second land and a specific engine to function.

- Post-board mana must respect sideboard colors and costs. `Dismember` can often be cast without black mana through its payment option if legal, but life cost must be checked; `Nature's Claim` and `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` require green; `Haywire Mite`, `Pithing Needle`, `Grafdigger's Cage`, `Tormod's Crypt`, and `The Stone Brain` are artifacts but may still compete with activation mana and Saga timing.

## Mulligan Guide

- Strong keep: `Forest` or `Grove of the Burnwillows`, `Hardened Scales`, `Arcbound Ravager` or `Walking Ballista`, and any second land is a keep because it starts the counter engine and has a clear turn-two threat. Add `The Ozolith`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, or `Urza's Saga` and the hand can win through removal or combat stalls.

- Strong keep: `Urza's Saga`, untapped green source, `Ancient Stirrings`, and at least one cheap artifact creature is a keep because Saga creates pressure while Stirrings finds the missing engine, land, or artifact. Do not keep this shape if `Urza's Saga` is the only land and the hand cannot operate after Saga sacrifices itself.

- Medium keep: `Inkmoth Nexus`, green source, `Hardened Scales`, and `The Ozolith` or `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire` is keepable when the matchup cannot punish a setup turn immediately. Prefer this on the play; on the draw, require `Walking Ballista`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `Welding Jar`, or `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` post-board to avoid falling behind.

- Risky keep: one land plus `Ancient Stirrings` is acceptable only when that land casts `Ancient Stirrings` and the rest of the hand has castable payoff if a land is found. One `Llanowar Reborn` as the only land is not this hand because it enters tapped and cannot cast the turn-one selection spell.

- Automatic ship: any seven-card hand with no land is a mulligan, and any hand with only `Inkmoth Nexus` plus green one-mana spells is a mulligan because it cannot cast `Hardened Scales` or `Ancient Stirrings`. Also ship hands with multiple `The Ozolith` and `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire` but no creature, no `Urza's Saga`, and no `Ancient Stirrings`.

- Matchup-dependent keep: slow hands with `Welding Jar`, `The Ozolith`, `Arcbound Ravager`, and a green source are better into visible removal-heavy decks than into fast combo or linear creature pressure. Post-board, a hand with `Pithing Needle`, `Grafdigger's Cage`, `Tormod's Crypt`, `The Stone Brain`, `Dismember`, `Nature's Claim`, or `Haywire Mite` is keepable only when the specific sideboard card answers the opponent's revealed or expected axis and the hand still has a clock.

- Play/draw adjustment: on the play, keep proactive `Hardened Scales` or `Urza's Saga` hands with less interaction because first pressure matters. On the draw, favor `Walking Ballista`, `Dismember`, `Nature's Claim`, `Tamiyo's Safekeeping`, `Welding Jar`, or faster `Inkmoth Nexus` math when the opponent can deploy blockers, removal, or a faster engine before your second turn.

- Trap hand: double `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Urza's Saga`, `The Ozolith`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, and no green source looks powerful but often fails to cast the deck's best setup cards. Trap hand: `Hardened Scales`, `The Ozolith`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, and lands but no creature or `Ancient Stirrings` because the counters have no carrier.

## Turn Arc

- Turn 1: cast `Hardened Scales` when green mana is available and at least one counter carrier or selection path exists. Cast `Ancient Stirrings` instead when land count, `Urza's Saga`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Walking Ballista`, `Arcbound Ravager`, or missing engine access matters more than a blind enchantment start.

- Turn 1 deviation: play `Llanowar Reborn` first when the hand has no turn-one green spell or when grafting a later `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Patchwork Automaton`, or `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp` is the hand's real setup. Do not treat `Llanowar Reborn` as support for a same-turn one-mana play.

- Turn 2: deploy `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `The Ozolith`, or `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire` according to the visible pressure. Prefer a creature plus counter engine when removal is not forcing protection; prefer `Welding Jar` or held `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` post-board when the only threat must survive.

- Turn 2 deviation: play `Urza's Saga` when it will create a construct on turn three and the hand can still cast spells after Saga leaves. Delay Saga if losing the land later strands `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Inkmoth Nexus` activation, or `Walking Ballista` counters.

- Turn 3: choose between board widening and commitment. Make a Saga construct, cast the missing engine from hand, or start assembling `Arcbound Ravager` plus `The Ozolith` plus `Inkmoth Nexus` only when visible mana, blockers, and removal make the line safe enough.

- Turn 3 deviation: keep `Boseiju, Who Endures`, `Dismember`, `Nature's Claim`, `Pithing Needle`, `Grafdigger's Cage`, or `Tormod's Crypt` online when the opponent's next turn can invalidate the board. Use `Ancient Stirrings` before committing if it can find the land, artifact, or threat that changes the turn's legal plan.

- Turns 4-5: convert stored counters into lethal damage, poison, or resilient board presence. Animate `Inkmoth Nexus` only when poison pressure, modular transfer, `The Ozolith`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, or `Arcbound Ravager` math justifies exposing the land.

- Turns 4-5 deviation: sacrifice artifacts to `Arcbound Ravager` only for lethal, survival, removal response, or a clearly stronger carrier. Preserve `Urza's Saga` constructs, mana lands, and `Welding Jar` when the game is not decided by the current stack or combat step.

- Late game: treat every counter movement as a lethal or recovery puzzle. `Walking Ballista` can end games by combat size or counter removal, `Hangarback Walker` can rebuild after death, `The Ozolith` can reload the next carrier, and `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` should be used only when visible graveyard and card-reference metadata confirm useful legal abilities.

- Late-game deviation: against removal or stalled boards, wait until the opponent taps low or a protection piece is available before committing all counters to one permanent. Against combo or inevitability, accept higher exposure when the current turn is the last realistic attack window.

## Card Roles

- `Hardened Scales` and `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire` are the counter-replacement core; lead on them when the hand already has a carrier, but do not keep hands where they are the only action. Validate replacement ordering in Forge whenever `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, modular, and both Ozolith cards overlap.

- `Arcbound Ravager` is the conversion engine, not a routine sacrifice outlet. Sacrifice artifacts for lethal, survival, removal response, or a clearly better counter carrier; preserve mana, `Welding Jar`, and `Urza's Saga` constructs when the current turn is not decisive.

- `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `Patchwork Automaton`, and animated `Inkmoth Nexus` are the main counter carriers. Put counters on the carrier that converts into damage, poison, modular transfer, or resilience through the visible interaction.

- `The Ozolith` is the insurance and burst card. Animate `Inkmoth Nexus` before beginning combat if it must receive Ozolith counters, and avoid moving all counters onto one creature when visible exile, bounce, or lethal crackback punishes the commitment.

- `Ancient Stirrings` fixes missing engine pieces while respecting color. It can find current-list colorless artifacts and lands such as `Walking Ballista`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `The Ozolith`, `Welding Jar`, `Agatha's Soul Cauldron`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Urza's Saga`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Grove of the Burnwillows`, `Llanowar Reborn`, `Boseiju, Who Endures`, and `Forest`; it cannot find `Hardened Scales` or `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`.

- Sideboard cards are role cards, not generic upgrades. `Dismember` handles creature pressure, `Nature's Claim` and `Haywire Mite` answer artifacts/enchantments with exact target limits, `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` protects a permanent, `Pithing Needle` stops named non-mana activated abilities, `Grafdigger's Cage` and `Tormod's Crypt` attack graveyards, and `The Stone Brain` is for known single-card engines.

### Card Hover Notes

#### Walking Ballista
- Deck role: main deck, 4 copies; core scalable artifact-creature payoff and counter-to-damage finisher.
- Role type: mechanic payoff; interaction-removal; reach/finisher; threat/clock.
- Deck-specific job: turns counters from `Hardened Scales`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Llanowar Reborn`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `The Ozolith`, and `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` into damage to any target.
- Timing: cast for X only when it enters with enough +1/+1 counters to survive and matter; X=0 dies immediately unless replacement effects visibly add counters. Remove counters for lethal, a creature blocking `Inkmoth Nexus`, or an attacker that creates lethal.
- Inputs / outputs: costs `{X}{X}` and enters with X +1/+1 counters; `{4}` puts a +1/+1 counter on it; removing one +1/+1 counter deals 1 damage to any target.
- Partners / packages: `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `The Ozolith`, `Hardened Scales`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, and `Llanowar Reborn` increase or move counters onto it.
- Role peers: closest role overlap is `Inkmoth Nexus` for counter-to-kill conversion and `Dismember` for creature removal after sideboard.
- Failure modes: spending counters on low-value targets can lose the real kill; damage marks creatures but does not shrink power or toughness.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: target the opponent only when visible counters reach lethal; otherwise prioritize creatures that stop poison, enable lethal attacks, or threaten lethal.
- Low-skill guidance: count lethal and survival before removing counters.

#### Arcbound Ravager
- Deck role: main deck, 4 copies; core artifact sacrifice engine, modular carrier, and burst counter converter.
- Role type: engine piece; mechanic enabler; mechanic payoff; threat/clock.
- Deck-specific job: sacrifices artifacts to grow itself, then can move its counters by modular to target artifact creature such as `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, or animated `Inkmoth Nexus`.
- Timing: activate for lethal, in response to removal, before a sweeper resolves, after blockers when counters change combat, or when sacrificing a dying artifact preserves value.
- Inputs / outputs: sacrifice an artifact to put a +1/+1 counter on `Arcbound Ravager`; modular 1 means it enters with a +1/+1 counter and may put its +1/+1 counters on target artifact creature when it dies.
- Partners / packages: `The Ozolith`, `Hardened Scales`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Welding Jar`, and Construct tokens from `Urza's Saga`.
- Role peers: no direct peer; closest role overlap is `Arcbound Worker` and `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp` for modular transfer.
- Failure modes: sacrificing `Welding Jar`, Construct tokens from `Urza's Saga`, mana-critical artifacts, or the only blocker without lethal or counter-preservation value can shrink future turns.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: against removal-heavy boards, wait until the opponent taps low, `Welding Jar` or `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` is available, or `The Ozolith` can bank counters.
- Low-skill guidance: feed Ravager only when the sacrifice clearly creates lethal, saves counters, or prevents immediate loss.

#### Arcbound Worker
- Deck role: main deck, 4 copies; one-mana modular role player and early artifact material.
- Role type: mechanic enabler; engine fuel/material; threat/clock.
- Deck-specific job: supplies early artifact count, carries amplified counters, and moves its counters to a better artifact creature when it dies.
- Timing: deploy early when it enables `Hardened Scales`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `The Ozolith`, `Patchwork Automaton`, or Construct size from `Urza's Saga`; trade or sacrifice only when its counters have a useful legal artifact-creature recipient.
- Inputs / outputs: modular 1 means it enters with a +1/+1 counter and, when it dies, you may put its +1/+1 counters on target artifact creature.
- Partners / packages: legal high-value recipients are `Walking Ballista`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, and animated `Inkmoth Nexus`; `The Ozolith` stores counters when Worker leaves the battlefield.
- Role peers: closest role overlap is `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp` as another one-mana modular artifact creature.
- Failure modes: dying with no legal artifact creature target can waste modular unless `The Ozolith` stores the counters; never put counters onto an opposing artifact creature.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: useful against creature pressure because blocking can preserve counters through modular or `The Ozolith`.
- Low-skill guidance: before trading Worker, confirm the target is an artifact creature right now; `Inkmoth Nexus` must be animated.

#### Hangarback Walker
- Deck role: main deck, 4 copies; core resilient X-threat and artifact-creature counter carrier.
- Role type: engine payoff; engine fuel/material; threat/clock.
- Deck-specific job: stores +1/+1 counters, rebuilds after death with flying Thopter artifact creature tokens, and supplies artifact material for `Arcbound Ravager` and Construct size from `Urza's Saga`.
- Timing: cast for X when it survives and grows; activate `{1}, {T}` on low-risk turns or end steps when it does not need to attack or block. Sacrifice it only when Thopters, counters, or lethal math justify the exchange.
- Inputs / outputs: costs `{X}{X}` and enters with X +1/+1 counters; `{1}, {T}` puts a +1/+1 counter on it; death creates one 1/1 colorless Thopter artifact creature token with flying for each +1/+1 counter on it.
- Partners / packages: `Hardened Scales`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Llanowar Reborn`, `The Ozolith`, `Arcbound Ravager`, and `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`.
- Role peers: closest role overlap is `Walking Ballista` as another X-cost counter creature, but Hangarback rebuilds artifact bodies instead of dealing damage.
- Failure modes: tapping before combat can remove an attacker or blocker; casting for X=0 without replacement help makes it die with no Thopters.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: strongest into removal and board stalls where flying Thopters matter after death.
- Low-skill guidance: grow it when safe, but keep it untapped if blocking or attacking matters this turn.

#### Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp
- Deck role: main deck, 4 copies; core modular amplifier and one-mana legendary artifact creature.
- Role type: mechanic enabler; mechanic payoff; role glue; threat/clock.
- Deck-specific job: increases modular counters placed on your creatures, supplies its own modular body, and can destroy target artifact you control with red mana to trigger modular or `The Ozolith`.
- Timing: deploy before modular deaths when possible; use `{R}` only for a real counter-transfer, death trigger, or lethal setup. Use `{W}` flying only when legal mana is available, most commonly if `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` permits mana to be spent as though it were any color for creature activated abilities.
- Inputs / outputs: modular 1; if a modular triggered ability would put one or more +1/+1 counters on a creature you control, it puts that many plus one instead; `{R}` destroys target artifact you control; `{W}` gives Zabaz flying until end of turn.
- Partners / packages: modular partners are `Arcbound Ravager` and `Arcbound Worker`; recipients include `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Patchwork Automaton`, and animated `Inkmoth Nexus`; `Grove of the Burnwillows` provides red.
- Role peers: closest role overlap is `Arcbound Worker` for cheap modular material.
- Failure modes: white activation is not normally available from registered lands; destroying an artifact without modular, `The Ozolith`, or lethal payoff wastes material.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: valuable when removal or combat will cause modular triggers; weaker when no artifact creature can receive counters.
- Low-skill guidance: treat Zabaz as modular math first, not as a generic 1-drop.

#### Hardened Scales
- Deck role: main deck, 4 copies; core green counter-replacement engine.
- Role type: mechanic enabler; engine piece.
- Deck-specific job: adds one extra +1/+1 counter whenever one or more +1/+1 counters would be put on a creature you control, making modular bodies, X creatures, graft, `Walking Ballista` growth, and `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` counters scale faster.
- Timing: cast before `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, or `Llanowar Reborn` graft would place counters. Do not keep hands where Scales is the only action and there is no carrier or `Ancient Stirrings`.
- Inputs / outputs: consumes `{G}` and produces extra +1/+1 counters only when counters are being put on your creatures.
- Partners / packages: high-impact with `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `Llanowar Reborn`, and `Agatha's Soul Cauldron`.
- Role peers: `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire` is the closest replacement-effect peer, but it costs `{1}{G}`, affects artifacts or creatures you control, and has activation/cycling text.
- Failure modes: does nothing alone; multiple copies without `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `Urza's Saga`, or `Ancient Stirrings` can strand the hand.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: lead on it into slower games; against fast pressure, play a body first if waiting would leave no blocker.
- Low-skill guidance: play Scales before counter creatures when you can still deploy a carrier on time.

#### The Ozolith
- Deck role: main deck, 3 copies; core counter bank and recovery artifact.
- Role type: engine piece; engine payoff; role glue.
- Deck-specific job: captures counters when your creatures leave the battlefield, then moves all stored counters at beginning of combat to a target creature for burst damage, poison, or rebuilding.
- Timing: strongest before sacrificing to `Arcbound Ravager` or exposing countered creatures to removal. If `Inkmoth Nexus` should receive counters, animate it before beginning combat so it is a creature when the trigger targets.
- Inputs / outputs: when a creature you control leaves the battlefield with counters, those counters go onto `The Ozolith`; at the beginning of combat on your turn, if it has counters, you may move all counters from it onto target creature.
- Partners / packages: counter sources and recipients include `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Walking Ballista`, `Patchwork Automaton`, and animated `Inkmoth Nexus`.
- Role peers: no direct peer; closest role overlap is modular from `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, and `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`.
- Failure modes: moving all counters onto one creature into visible removal can lose the bank; unanimated `Inkmoth Nexus` is not a legal creature target.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: excellent against removal and sweepers that make creatures leave; weaker when exile or bounce removes the receiving creature after counters move.
- Low-skill guidance: move counters only when the target attacks, survives, blocks profitably, or wins this turn.

#### Ozolith, the Shattered Spire
- Deck role: main deck, 3 copies; core counter-replacement artifact, counter sink, and redraw option.
- Role type: mechanic enabler; engine piece; card selection; modal utility.
- Deck-specific job: adds one extra +1/+1 counter when counters are put on an artifact or creature you control, then provides sorcery-speed counter placement for loaded carriers.
- Timing: cast before counter placement if mana permits; activate only in your main phase when the target will attack, block, survive removal better, or set up lethal. Cycle when redundant, uncastable, or too slow for the visible race.
- Inputs / outputs: costs `{1}{G}`; static replacement adds one +1/+1 counter to artifacts or creatures you control; `{1}{G}, {T}` puts a +1/+1 counter on target artifact or creature you control and can be activated only as a sorcery; cycling `{2}` discards it to draw a card.
- Mode map: battlefield engine for future counters; sorcery-speed activated growth for target `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, or animated `Inkmoth Nexus`; cycling for a new card when finding action is worth more than the engine.
- Partners / packages: high-impact with `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `The Ozolith`, and animated `Inkmoth Nexus`.
- Role peers: closest role overlap is `Hardened Scales`, though this card costs more, affects artifacts, and can cycle.
- Failure modes: activating before combat taps mana and the artifact, so do not grow a target that cannot affect combat or is likely to be removed.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: cycle more often against speed; keep as engine against removal-heavy games.
- Low-skill guidance: if you have counter creatures, battlefield Spire is usually better than cycling.

#### Ancient Stirrings
- Deck role: main deck, 4 copies; core selection spell and functional tutor for colorless cards.
- Role type: card selection; tutor/search; role glue.
- Deck-specific job: finds the missing colorless card among artifact threats, artifact engines, utility lands, basic `Forest`, `Pithing Needle`, `Grafdigger's Cage`, `Haywire Mite`, `Tormod's Crypt`, or `The Stone Brain` while leaving green noncolorless spells behind.
- Timing: cast before a discretionary land drop when it may find `Urza's Saga`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Boseiju, Who Endures`, `Grove of the Burnwillows`, `Llanowar Reborn`, or `Forest`; cast early when the hand lacks a carrier, engine, or second land.
- Inputs / outputs: costs `{G}`; look at the top five cards of your library; you may reveal a colorless card from among them and put it into your hand; put the rest on the bottom in any order.
- Partners / packages: main-deck hits include `Walking Ballista`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `The Ozolith`, `Welding Jar`, `Agatha's Soul Cauldron`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Urza's Saga`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Grove of the Burnwillows`, `Llanowar Reborn`, `Boseiju, Who Endures`, and `Forest`; sideboard hits include `Pithing Needle`, `Grafdigger's Cage`, `Haywire Mite`, `Tormod's Crypt`, and `The Stone Brain`.
- Role peers: `Urza's Saga` is the closest search peer, but it only finds artifact cards with mana cost `{0}` or `{1}`.
- Failure modes: cannot take `Hardened Scales`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Dismember`, `Nature's Claim`, or `Tamiyo's Safekeeping`.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: take `Pithing Needle`, `Grafdigger's Cage`, `Haywire Mite`, `Tormod's Crypt`, or `The Stone Brain` only when the opponent's route makes that card better than pressure or mana.
- Low-skill guidance: choose the card that fixes the hand's missing function, not the flashiest card.

#### Welding Jar
- Deck role: main deck, 2 copies; zero-mana artifact protection role player.
- Role type: protection/evasion; engine fuel/material.
- Deck-specific job: protects decisive artifacts from destruction while increasing artifact count for Construct tokens from `Urza's Saga` and providing emergency material for `Arcbound Ravager`.
- Timing: hold activation for a destruction event aimed at `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `The Ozolith`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, animated `Inkmoth Nexus`, or a large Construct token from `Urza's Saga`.
- Inputs / outputs: costs `{0}`; sacrifice `Welding Jar` to regenerate target artifact. Regeneration must be set up before destruction; it replaces destruction, taps the artifact if it is a creature, removes damage, and removes it from combat.
- Partners / packages: protects `Walking Ballista`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Hangarback Walker`, `The Ozolith`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, animated `Inkmoth Nexus`, and Construct tokens from `Urza's Saga`.
- Role peers: `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` is the sideboard protection peer, but it targets any permanent you control and gives hexproof plus indestructible.
- Failure modes: does not stop exile, sacrifice, bounce, -N/-N, counterspells, or non-destroy effects; sacrificing it to `Arcbound Ravager` removes protection.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: best against targeted destroy removal and damage-based artifact creature removal.
- Low-skill guidance: save Jar for the artifact that wins or keeps you alive.

#### Agatha's Soul Cauldron
- Deck role: main deck, 2 copies; flex engine, graveyard utility artifact, and counter source.
- Role type: engine piece; mechanic enabler; hate piece; role glue.
- Deck-specific job: exiles cards from graveyards, puts a +1/+1 counter on your creature when it exiles a creature card this way, and gives activated abilities from exiled creature cards to your creatures with +1/+1 counters.
- Timing: deploy when graveyards contain useful creature cards or when a counter on your creature matters; do not prioritize it over fast `Hardened Scales`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, or `Urza's Saga` pressure when no graveyard fuel exists.
- Inputs / outputs: you may spend mana as though it were mana of any color to activate abilities of creatures you control; creatures you control with +1/+1 counters have activated abilities of creature cards exiled with it; `{T}` exiles target card from a graveyard, and if a creature card is exiled this way, put a +1/+1 counter on target creature you control.
- Partners / packages: ability/counter carriers include `Walking Ballista`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, and animated `Inkmoth Nexus`.
- Role peers: closest role overlap is `Tormod's Crypt` for graveyard exile, but Cauldron is slower and engine-focused.
- Failure modes: noncreature exiles do not grant creature abilities; creatures without +1/+1 counters do not receive abilities from exiled creature cards.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: can disrupt individual graveyard cards, but `Grafdigger's Cage` and `Tormod's Crypt` are stronger dedicated graveyard hate after sideboard.
- Low-skill guidance: tap Cauldron for a creature card when the counter or granted ability matters; otherwise keep developing pressure.

#### Patchwork Automaton
- Deck role: main deck, 2 copies; flex artifact threat, counter carrier, and ward-taxed pressure piece.
- Role type: mechanic payoff; threat/clock; protection/evasion.
- Deck-specific job: grows from casting artifact spells while ward `{2}` taxes opponent-controlled spells or abilities that target it, giving the deck fair pressure that still uses counter multipliers.
- Timing: cast before cheap artifact spells such as `Walking Ballista`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `The Ozolith`, `Welding Jar`, or `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` when possible.
- Inputs / outputs: costs `{2}`; ward `{2}` counters opponent-controlled spells or abilities that target it unless that player pays `{2}`; whenever you cast an artifact spell, put a +1/+1 counter on it.
- Partners / packages: grows from main-deck artifact spells `Walking Ballista`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `The Ozolith`, `Welding Jar`, and `Agatha's Soul Cauldron`; sideboard artifact spells `Pithing Needle`, `Grafdigger's Cage`, `Haywire Mite`, `Tormod's Crypt`, and `The Stone Brain` also trigger it.
- Role peers: closest role overlap is `Hangarback Walker` as a two-mana counter threat, but Automaton rewards casting artifacts instead of storing X counters.
- Failure modes: Construct token creation from `Urza's Saga` is not casting an artifact spell; ward does not stop non-targeting sweepers, sacrifice effects, or spells whose controller can pay `{2}`.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: better against targeted removal and slower fair games; weaker when immediate combo speed or interaction matters more.
- Low-skill guidance: play Automaton before the artifact spell chain if you want its counters.

#### Urza's Saga
- Deck role: main deck, 4 copies; core utility land, Construct engine, and narrow artifact search source.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; engine piece; tutor/search; threat/clock.
- Deck-specific job: makes Construct artifact creature tokens from artifact density, then searches the library for an artifact card with mana cost `{0}` or `{1}` and puts it onto the battlefield.
- Timing: play when the hand can still function after it sacrifices itself after chapter III. Use the chapter II Construct activation before chapter III resolves when the extra token matters and mana is available.
- Inputs / outputs: chapter I grants `{T}: Add {C}`; chapter II grants `{2}, {T}: create a 0/0 colorless Construct artifact creature token that gets +1/+1 for each artifact you control`; chapter III searches for an artifact card with mana cost `{0}` or `{1}`, puts it onto the battlefield, then shuffles.
- Mode map: chapter I is colorless mana; chapter II adds Construct-making pressure; chapter III is artifact search before the Saga is sacrificed.
- Partners / packages: main legal search targets are `Welding Jar`, `The Ozolith`, `Arcbound Worker`, and `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`; sideboard legal search targets are `Pithing Needle`, `Grafdigger's Cage`, `Haywire Mite`, and `Tormod's Crypt`. Treat `Walking Ballista` and `Hangarback Walker` as legal only if the rules engine exposes them for mana cost `{0}`.
- Role peers: `Ancient Stirrings` is the closest selection peer, but Saga puts a narrow artifact directly onto the battlefield.
- Failure modes: relying on Saga as the only continuing land can strand later spells; overusing it as mana can miss Construct windows.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: strong into removal and attrition; search `Pithing Needle`, `Grafdigger's Cage`, `Haywire Mite`, or `Tormod's Crypt` only when the opponent's visible route demands that exact card.
- Low-skill guidance: make Constructs before Saga goes away when board pressure matters.

#### Inkmoth Nexus
- Deck role: main deck, 4 copies; core mana resource, artifact creature-land, and poison finisher.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; threat/clock; reach/finisher.
- Deck-specific job: turns stored +1/+1 counters into poison kills, especially against high life totals or stalled ground boards.
- Timing: animate only when attacking, blocking, receiving counters, or setting up a visible kill is worth exposing a land to creature removal. Animate before beginning combat if `The Ozolith` must target it and before modular triggers need it as an artifact creature.
- Inputs / outputs: taps for `{C}`; `{1}` makes it a 1/1 Phyrexian Blinkmoth artifact creature with flying and infect until end of turn, and it remains a land. Infect deals damage to creatures as -1/-1 counters and to players as poison counters.
- Partners / packages: receives counters from `The Ozolith`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `Llanowar Reborn`, `Hardened Scales`, and `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire` while it is a creature.
- Role peers: closest role overlap is `Walking Ballista` as another counter-to-kill outlet, but Nexus kills through poison rather than life total.
- Failure modes: the Card Reference lists no pump ability beyond animation; do not spend mana expecting `{1}` to give +1/+1. Unanimated Nexus cannot receive creature-targeted counters.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: best against life gain, stalled ground boards, and opponents tapped low on instant-speed removal.
- Low-skill guidance: do not animate randomly; animate with a poison attack, block, or counter-transfer purpose.

#### Grove of the Burnwillows
- Deck role: main deck, 4 copies; core mana resource and green/red fixing land.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: supplies green for `Hardened Scales`, `Ancient Stirrings`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Boseiju, Who Endures`, `Nature's Claim`, `Tamiyo's Safekeeping`, and `Haywire Mite`, while supplying red for `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`.
- Timing: use colored mana when casting key spells or activating Zabaz matters more than the opponent gaining 1 life; tap for `{C}` when color is not needed and damage lethal math is tight.
- Inputs / outputs: taps for `{C}`; taps for `{R}` or `{G}`, and each opponent gains 1 life.
- Partners / packages: red enables `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp` `{R}` ability; green enables `Hardened Scales`, `Ancient Stirrings`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Boseiju, Who Endures`, `Nature's Claim`, `Tamiyo's Safekeeping`, and `Haywire Mite`.
- Role peers: `Forest`, `Llanowar Reborn`, and `Boseiju, Who Endures` provide green without giving life; `Inkmoth Nexus` and `Urza's Saga` provide colorless utility pressure.
- Failure modes: opponent life gain can break exact `Walking Ballista` or combat damage kills, though it does not affect poison from `Inkmoth Nexus`.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: less costly when poison is the plan; more costly in damage races or against life-total stabilization.
- Low-skill guidance: use Grove for green when needed, but count the opponent's extra life before choosing a damage kill.

#### Llanowar Reborn
- Deck role: main deck, 4 copies; tapped green mana resource and graft counter setup land.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; mechanic enabler; role glue.
- Deck-specific job: provides green mana after entering tapped and uses graft 1 to move an early +1/+1 counter onto a later creature.
- Timing: play early when you do not need untapped green that turn or when the hand plans to cast `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Patchwork Automaton`, or `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp` later.
- Inputs / outputs: enters tapped; taps for `{G}`; graft 1 means it enters with a +1/+1 counter and whenever a creature enters, you may move a +1/+1 counter from this land onto it.
- Partners / packages: graft is best on creatures that enter later: `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Patchwork Automaton`, and `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`. Animated `Inkmoth Nexus` does not enter the battlefield when it animates, so do not expect graft from that animation.
- Role peers: `Hardened Scales` and `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire` amplify counters; `Forest`, `Grove of the Burnwillows`, and `Boseiju, Who Endures` are green-source peers.
- Failure modes: cannot cast turn-one `Hardened Scales` or `Ancient Stirrings`; graft is optional and should not move counters onto opposing creatures.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: tempo cost matters against fast decks; counter value matters in slower combat or Ballista games.
- Low-skill guidance: play it on a setup turn, not when you need immediate green mana.

#### Boseiju, Who Endures
- Deck role: main deck, 2 copies; utility green land and conditional interaction.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp; interaction-removal; modal utility.
- Deck-specific job: functions as green mana until channel is needed to answer target artifact, enchantment, or nonbasic land an opponent controls.
- Timing: keep as a land when mana is constrained; channel when the target blocks counters, `Urza's Saga`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Walking Ballista`, or survival. Account for the opponent's possible land before using it.
- Inputs / outputs: taps for `{G}`; channel costs `{1}{G}` and discards `Boseiju, Who Endures` to destroy target artifact, enchantment, or nonbasic land an opponent controls. That player may search their library for a land card with a basic land type, put it onto the battlefield, then shuffle. Channel costs `{1}` less for each legendary creature you control.
- Mode map: green land when mana matters; channel interaction when the qualifying opposing artifact, enchantment, or nonbasic land is worth giving a possible land.
- Partners / packages: legendary creature cost reduction can come from `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`; green supports `Hardened Scales`, `Ancient Stirrings`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Nature's Claim`, `Tamiyo's Safekeeping`, and `Haywire Mite`.
- Role peers: `Nature's Claim` and `Haywire Mite` answer artifact/enchantment targets after sideboard; Boseiju uniquely hits nonbasic lands.
- Failure modes: cannot target creatures, planeswalkers, or basic lands; channel removes your own future green source.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: strong against lock pieces, artifact engines, enchantments, and dangerous nonbasic lands.
- Low-skill guidance: do not discard Boseiju unless the target is legal and important.

#### Forest
- Deck role: main deck, 2 copies; basic untapped green mana resource.
- Role type: mana/fixing/ramp.
- Deck-specific job: provides clean green for the deck's best starts and post-board interaction without entering tapped or giving the opponent life.
- Timing: prioritize in openers that need turn-one `Hardened Scales` or `Ancient Stirrings`; select with `Ancient Stirrings` when green access is the bottleneck.
- Inputs / outputs: basic land with `{T}: Add {G}`.
- Partners / packages: casts `Hardened Scales`, `Ancient Stirrings`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, channels `Boseiju, Who Endures`, casts `Nature's Claim`, casts `Tamiyo's Safekeeping`, and activates `Haywire Mite`.
- Role peers: `Grove of the Burnwillows` also provides green but can give life; `Llanowar Reborn` provides green after entering tapped; `Boseiju, Who Endures` provides green with channel utility.
- Failure modes: does not provide artifact count, poison pressure, Saga pressure, or red for `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: valuable when nonbasic pressure, opponent life gain from `Grove of the Burnwillows`, or tapped-land tempo from `Llanowar Reborn` matters.
- Low-skill guidance: Forest-based hands are safer because they cast the deck's green setup on time.

#### Dismember
- Deck role: sideboard, 3 copies; creature-removal bullet for race-critical threats and blockers.
- Role type: interaction-removal; sideboard bullet.
- Deck-specific job: removes creatures that block `Inkmoth Nexus`, race Construct tokens from `Urza's Saga`, threaten lethal, or are too large for `Walking Ballista` to answer efficiently.
- Timing: cast before combat when clearing a blocker enables poison or lethal combat; hold for the creature that changes the race rather than a convenience trade. Check life payment against visible attacks and damage.
- Inputs / outputs: instant costing `{1}{B/P}{B/P}`; each `{B/P}` can be paid with either `{B}` or 2 life; target creature gets -5/-5 until end of turn.
- Partners / packages: clears the path for `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Arcbound Ravager` transfers, `Walking Ballista` combat, `Hangarback Walker`, `Patchwork Automaton`, and Construct tokens from `Urza's Saga`.
- Role peers: `Walking Ballista` is the main-deck creature-control peer; `Nature's Claim`, `Haywire Mite`, and `Boseiju, Who Endures` answer noncreature permanent types instead.
- Failure modes: does not hit noncreature permanents; paying 4 life can lose races; -5/-5 is not damage and does not use regeneration math the way damage or destruction does.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: board in against creature decks, creature-combo decks, and creature-land decks where the target is a creature when Dismember resolves.
- Low-skill guidance: kill the creature that stops your kill or creates theirs; do not spend life on a low-impact body.

#### Nature's Claim
- Deck role: sideboard, 3 copies; efficient artifact/enchantment removal bullet.
- Role type: interaction-removal; sideboard bullet.
- Deck-specific job: destroys artifact or enchantment permanents that stop counter growth, activated abilities, `Urza's Saga`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, or combat.
- Timing: use when the target blocks a current or next-turn line; hold if the controller's 4 life would break damage lethal and the permanent is not urgent. Life gain matters much less when the active kill is poison.
- Inputs / outputs: instant costing `{G}`; destroys target artifact or enchantment; that permanent's controller gains 4 life.
- Partners / packages: clears hate for `Hardened Scales`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Urza's Saga`, `The Ozolith`, and `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`.
- Role peers: `Boseiju, Who Endures` also hits artifacts and enchantments plus nonbasic lands; `Haywire Mite` exiles only target noncreature artifact or noncreature enchantment.
- Failure modes: cannot target ordinary creatures, planeswalkers, or lands; controller life gain can invalidate exact Ballista or combat damage.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: board in against artifact/enchantment lock pieces, hate permanents, and opposing artifact engines.
- Low-skill guidance: use Claim on the permanent stopping your win, not on a random artifact.

#### Tamiyo's Safekeeping
- Deck role: sideboard, 2 copies; protection bullet for decisive permanents.
- Role type: protection/evasion; lifegain/stabilization; sideboard bullet.
- Deck-specific job: protects a loaded carrier, engine, utility land, or Construct token from targeted interaction and destroy-based effects while gaining 2 life.
- Timing: cast in response to removal or before damage/destruction when the protected permanent is essential. Best targets are animated `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Walking Ballista`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `The Ozolith`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Hardened Scales`, `Urza's Saga`, or a large Construct token from `Urza's Saga`.
- Inputs / outputs: instant costing `{G}`; target permanent you control gains hexproof and indestructible until end of turn; you gain 2 life.
- Partners / packages: protects poison kills from `Inkmoth Nexus`, counter banks from `The Ozolith`, damage kills from `Walking Ballista`, and sacrifice math from `Arcbound Ravager`.
- Role peers: `Welding Jar` protects artifacts from destruction through regeneration; Safekeeping protects any permanent you control and adds hexproof plus indestructible.
- Failure modes: does not counter spells on the stack, does not stop sacrifice or edict effects, and may not stop non-targeting exile or bounce.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: board in against targeted removal, damage-based removal, and destroy effects aimed at one key permanent.
- Low-skill guidance: save it for the permanent that wins or prevents loss this turn.

#### Pithing Needle
- Deck role: sideboard, 2 copies; Saga-searchable activated-ability hate bullet.
- Role type: hate piece; sideboard bullet; tutor/search target.
- Deck-specific job: shuts off activated abilities of sources with a chosen card name, except mana abilities, without targeting the permanent.
- Timing: choose a name from visible cards, revealed information, or a known matchup need. Use `Urza's Saga` chapter III to find it when stopping an activated ability is more important than `The Ozolith`, `Welding Jar`, `Arcbound Worker`, or `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`.
- Inputs / outputs: costs `{1}`; as it enters, choose a card name; activated abilities of sources with the chosen name cannot be activated unless they are mana abilities.
- Partners / packages: protects plans involving `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Urza's Saga`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, and `The Ozolith` by stopping opposing activated abilities that break those plans.
- Role peers: `The Stone Brain` also names a card, but it extracts cards from opponent zones at sorcery speed instead of stopping activated abilities.
- Failure modes: does not stop triggered abilities, static abilities, mana abilities, or spells being cast; blind names waste a tutor and artifact slot.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: strong against planeswalkers, creature-lands, sacrifice outlets, artifact engines, and activated combo permanents.
- Low-skill guidance: name the card whose activated ability is visible and dangerous; do not guess when unsure.

#### Grafdigger's Cage
- Deck role: sideboard, 2 copies; Saga-searchable graveyard/library restriction artifact.
- Role type: hate piece; sideboard bullet; tutor/search target.
- Deck-specific job: stops creature cards in graveyards or libraries from entering the battlefield and stops players from casting spells from graveyards or libraries.
- Timing: deploy before the opponent casts from graveyard/library or puts creatures onto the battlefield from those zones; do not wait until after costs are paid or the spell is already cast.
- Inputs / outputs: costs `{1}`; creature cards in graveyards and libraries cannot enter the battlefield; players cannot cast spells from graveyards or libraries.
- Partners / packages: searchable by `Urza's Saga`; buys time for `Hardened Scales`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, and `Urza's Saga` pressure.
- Role peers: `Tormod's Crypt` exiles one target player's graveyard; `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` exiles individual graveyard cards while building your engine.
- Failure modes: does not exile graveyards, does not stop cards cast from hand, and does not stop graveyard mechanics that only count cards without casting or entering from graveyard/library.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: board in against reanimation, flashback-style casting, library-cast routes, and creature-from-library/graveyard plans when the text matches.
- Low-skill guidance: play Cage early only when the opponent's route actually uses graveyard or library casting/entry.

#### Haywire Mite
- Deck role: sideboard, 1 copy; Saga-searchable artifact body and noncreature artifact/enchantment exile bullet.
- Role type: interaction-removal; sideboard bullet; tutor/search target; engine fuel/material.
- Deck-specific job: gives `Urza's Saga` a searchable answer to target noncreature artifact or noncreature enchantment while adding artifact count and a small body.
- Timing: search or cast when a legal noncreature artifact or noncreature enchantment must be exiled, or when holding a tutorable answer is better than immediate `Nature's Claim`. Activate once the target matters and green mana is available.
- Inputs / outputs: costs `{1}`; when it dies, you gain 2 life; `{G}, sacrifice Haywire Mite: exile target noncreature artifact or noncreature enchantment.
- Partners / packages: found by `Urza's Saga`; answers permanents that interfere with `Hardened Scales`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Urza's Saga`, or `The Ozolith`.
- Role peers: `Nature's Claim` is faster but destroys and gives 4 life; `Boseiju, Who Endures` hits artifacts, enchantments, and nonbasic lands but gives a possible land.
- Failure modes: cannot target artifact creatures, enchantment creatures, planeswalkers, lands, or ordinary creatures; needs green mana and a sacrifice.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: strong when a single noncreature artifact/enchantment hate permanent is expected and Saga can find it.
- Low-skill guidance: do not activate Mite unless the target is a noncreature artifact or noncreature enchantment.

#### Tormod's Crypt
- Deck role: sideboard, 1 copy; Saga-searchable zero-mana graveyard hate artifact.
- Role type: hate piece; sideboard bullet; tutor/search target.
- Deck-specific job: exiles an entire target player's graveyard at the chosen window without spending mana, while adding artifact count before activation.
- Timing: use before the opponent casts flashback/escape-like spells, pays delve-like costs, reanimates, or otherwise converts graveyard resources. Once a spell is already cast and costs are paid, exiling the graveyard usually does not undo that spell.
- Inputs / outputs: costs `{0}`; `{T}, sacrifice Tormod's Crypt: exile target player's graveyard.
- Partners / packages: found by `Urza's Saga`; buys time for `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Walking Ballista`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Hardened Scales`, and `Urza's Saga` pressure.
- Role peers: `Grafdigger's Cage` prevents specific graveyard/library casting or creature-entry routes; `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` exiles single cards while adding counters from creature cards.
- Failure modes: firing too early lets the opponent rebuild; firing too late may not stop an already-paid graveyard spell or ability.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: board in against graveyard decks that stockpile resources or depend on a large graveyard at a key moment.
- Low-skill guidance: wait until the graveyard matters, then exile it before the opponent uses it.

#### The Stone Brain
- Deck role: sideboard, 1 copy; named-card extraction bullet for known low-redundancy plans.
- Role type: hate piece; sideboard bullet.
- Deck-specific job: attacks combo cards, single-card engines, or inevitability pieces by removing up to four copies with the chosen name from target opponent's graveyard, hand, and library.
- Timing: cast only when you know the name that matters and can spend tempo without dying. Activate at sorcery speed before the opponent's payoff turn, not after the card has already resolved.
- Inputs / outputs: costs `{2}`; `{2}, {T}, exile `The Stone Brain`: choose a card name, search target opponent's graveyard, hand, and library for up to four cards with that name and exile them; that player shuffles, then draws a card for each card exiled from their hand this way. Activate only as a sorcery.
- Partners / packages: strongest when `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, or `Urza's Saga` already supplies pressure while Stone Brain removes the opponent's key route.
- Role peers: `Pithing Needle` also names a card but only stops non-mana activated abilities of sources with that name.
- Failure modes: blind naming wastes mana and a card; exiling cards from hand replaces them with draws, so do not use it on a low-impact name.
- Matchup / visibility hooks: board in against known combo, big-mana payoffs, or single-card engines where one name changes the game.
- Low-skill guidance: if no exact dangerous card name is known, develop your board instead.

## Interaction Priorities

- Priority: protect the counter engine before answering low-impact threats. Preserve `Hardened Scales`, `The Ozolith`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Arcbound Ravager`, and an active carrier unless an opposing permanent immediately prevents lethal or creates lethal against you. Use `Welding Jar` for destroy effects on key artifacts, but do not spend it on a replaceable zero-counter creature if a later `Walking Ballista`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, construct token, or `Arcbound Ravager` will decide the game.

- Remove first: answer blockers or hate that stop the current kill. Use `Dismember` on creatures that block `Inkmoth Nexus`, blank construct attacks, or threaten lethal; use `Boseiju, Who Endures`, `Nature's Claim`, or `Haywire Mite` on artifact/enchantment/nonbasic-land pieces only when the exact target restriction is legal and the target blocks the chosen line. `Nature's Claim` life gain matters for damage kills but is mostly irrelevant to poison kills.

- Exile first: spend `Tormod's Crypt` before the opponent pays graveyard costs, not after a graveyard spell is already cast. Use `Grafdigger's Cage` preemptively against graveyard/library-entry engines, and use `The Stone Brain` only when matchup context or public information identifies a single card that matters more than developing counters.

- Name first: use `Pithing Needle` on visible or matchup-known activated abilities that beat your board, especially permanents that repeatedly remove artifacts, blank creature-lands, or lock combat. Do not guess blindly when the game instead offers a strong `Urza's Saga` construct or a direct hate artifact from the Saga search.

- Counter/discard/bounce note: this registered list has no main or sideboard counterspell, discard spell, or bounce spell. If the rules engine presents such an action from an external effect, route it through model reasoning and prioritize effects that stop lethal, remove counter-engine hate, or prevent a sweeper from invalidating committed counters.

- Bait first: lead with expendable pressure when holding a stronger engine. `Arcbound Worker`, low-investment `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, or an early `Patchwork Automaton` can draw removal before exposing `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, or a lethal `Inkmoth Nexus`; avoid baiting with `The Ozolith` when your line depends on storing counters after sacrifice or death.

- Ignore first: ignore opponent life total padding when the active plan is poison through `Inkmoth Nexus`. Ignore small ground blockers if flying infect, modular transfer, or `Walking Ballista` counters already create a legal kill; answer them only when they block a construct race or force bad `Arcbound Ravager` sacrifices.

- Archetype shift: against creature decks, interaction is tempo for a single oversized carrier. Against graveyard decks, deploy `Grafdigger's Cage` or `Tormod's Crypt` before advancing marginal counters. Against artifact/enchantment hate decks, keep `Boseiju, Who Endures`, `Nature's Claim`, and `Haywire Mite` for the permanent that actually stops counters, modular, Saga, or poison.

## Combat And Trading Rules

- Attack when counters convert into a real clock, not just chip damage. Prioritize `Inkmoth Nexus` attacks when poison math is plausible, especially with `Hardened Scales`, `The Ozolith`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Arcbound Ravager`, or modular counters available; animate `Inkmoth Nexus` before beginning combat when it must receive counters from `The Ozolith`.

- Preserve carriers over bodies. A counter-loaded `Inkmoth Nexus`, construct token, `Walking Ballista`, or `Patchwork Automaton` is usually worth more than several small artifacts, so do not trade it into open blockers unless modular, `The Ozolith`, or lethal math makes the exchange favorable from visible information.

- Trade modular creatures when counters stay useful. `Arcbound Worker`, `Arcbound Ravager`, and `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp` can trade or be sacrificed when their counters move to a better legal artifact creature or are captured by `The Ozolith`; avoid trades that strand counters with no legal recipient or expose all stored power to one removal spell.

- Block for survival first, then for counter transfer. Use expendable artifact creatures to absorb lethal attacks when modular or `The Ozolith` preserves material, but keep `Arcbound Ravager` alive when it is the only sacrifice outlet enabling instant-speed counter movement or lethal `Walking Ballista` damage.

- Protect the lethal carrier, not the prettiest permanent. `Welding Jar` and `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` should save the permanent that carries lethal poison, lethal damage, or the only engine that beats visible interaction. `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` targets a permanent you control and does not solve sacrifice, bounce, counterspells, or non-targeting exile.

- Respect life thresholds when paying life. `Dismember` can cost life through Phyrexian mana; do not pay life when the payment puts you dead to visible attacks or known public damage. When at a stable life total, spend life to clear a blocker or attacker that prevents the next-turn kill.

- Use `Walking Ballista` counters deliberately. Aim damage at creatures when clearing blockers or preventing lethal matters more than face damage; aim at the opponent only when visible counters and remaining attacks produce lethal. Do not remove counters casually if those counters are needed for survival, modular pressure, or `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` lines supported by visible graveyard/card text.

- Archetype shift: against removal-heavy decks, diversify counters across persistent artifacts and `The Ozolith` instead of making one fragile creature. Against racing decks, block earlier and value `Hangarback Walker` bodies. Against combo or control, pressure with the fastest Saga, poison, or Ballista clock and avoid unnecessary trades that slow the kill.

## Selection And Tutor Rules

- Use `Ancient Stirrings` to find the missing colorless engine piece, carrier, or land before committing the turn. It can reveal colorless cards such as `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Walking Ballista`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `The Ozolith`, `Agatha's Soul Cauldron`, `Patchwork Automaton`, `Welding Jar`, `Urza's Saga`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Grove of the Burnwillows`, `Llanowar Reborn`, `Boseiju, Who Endures`, and `Forest`; it does not find colored noncolorless spells such as `Hardened Scales`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Dismember`, `Nature's Claim`, or `Tamiyo's Safekeeping`.

- Rank `Ancient Stirrings` hits by the current bottleneck. Take `Hardened Scales` support indirectly by finding `The Ozolith`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, or `Inkmoth Nexus`; take `Urza's Saga` when the hand needs an artifact tutor and construct clock; take `Boseiju, Who Endures` only when a legal artifact, enchantment, or nonbasic-land answer is more important than another counter source.

- Bottom cards from `Ancient Stirrings` to preserve the next turns, not to chase hidden certainty. Keep redundant legends lower when one `The Ozolith` or one `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` is already active, but value a second copy if the opponent is showing removal or the first copy is likely to be answered.

- Treat `Urza's Saga` Chapter III as a narrow artifact search, not a general tutor. Clean registered targets with mana cost `{0}` or `{1}` include `Welding Jar`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `The Ozolith`, and post-board `Pithing Needle`, `Grafdigger's Cage`, `Haywire Mite`, or `Tormod's Crypt`; do not assume `Walking Ballista` or `Hangarback Walker` are legal Saga targets unless the rules engine exposes them in the legal action set.

- Choose `Urza's Saga` targets for the live battlefield. Get `The Ozolith` when sacrifice/death counters are coming, `Welding Jar` when one artifact carrier must survive destruction, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp` when modular amplification or a body matters, `Pithing Needle` when a named activated ability is the problem, and graveyard hate only when the graveyard matchup is already identified.

- Sequence land drops around selection. Cast `Ancient Stirrings` before making a discretionary land drop when it may find `Urza's Saga`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, or a green source; play `Inkmoth Nexus` at least a turn before it must attack; play `Llanowar Reborn` early only when its enters-tapped cost will not block turn-one `Ancient Stirrings` or `Hardened Scales`.

- Use `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire` cycling only when the card is redundant, uncastable, or too slow. Its battlefield replacement and sorcery-speed counter ability are usually stronger than a blind redraw when the deck already has a carrier.

## Priority And Stack Rules

- Respect replacement effects before stack tricks. `Hardened Scales`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, and applicable `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp` text change counters as they are placed; they are not spells to respond to, so follow the rules-engine counter prompts and record missing card-reference metadata if Forge cannot validate ordering.

- Animate `Inkmoth Nexus` before beginning combat when `The Ozolith` must move counters onto it. `The Ozolith` targets at the beginning of combat, so an unanimated `Inkmoth Nexus` is only a land and cannot receive that combat trigger.

- Use `Urza's Saga` Chapter III priority before the Saga leaves. If the Chapter III trigger is on the stack and mana is available, make a construct before the search resolves when the construct body matters more than using the land for mana.

- Sacrifice with `Arcbound Ravager` before the relevant event resolves. Move counters in response to removal, after blockers but before combat damage, or before a sweeper resolves; do not wait until after combat damage because damage no longer uses the stack.

- Target modular transfers only to legal artifact creatures. If the intended recipient is `Inkmoth Nexus`, it must already be animated when the modular trigger needs a target; if no good artifact creature exists, value `The Ozolith` as the counter bank instead.

- Fire `Walking Ballista` counters only when the damage changes the game. Shoot creatures to clear blockers or stop lethal, shoot the opponent only when visible math reaches lethal, and keep counters when they are needed for `Agatha's Soul Cauldron`, modular pressure, or survival.

- Activate `Hangarback Walker` at low-risk windows. End-step counter growth is preferred when it was not needed to block; tapping it before combat is a mistake if the body must attack, block, or carry counters that turn.

- Use protection in response to the exact threat. `Welding Jar` creates a regeneration shield for a target artifact against destruction, not exile, sacrifice, bounce, or counterspells; `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` protects a permanent you control from targeted removal and destruction for the turn, but it does not undo non-targeting effects.

- Channel `Boseiju, Who Endures` only when its target restriction is met. It can answer an artifact, enchantment, or nonbasic land an opponent controls, and the opponent may receive a land search; avoid giving that resource unless the permanent blocks lethal, counters, Saga, poison, or survival.

- Decline harmful optional counter movement. `Llanowar Reborn` graft should not move counters onto opposing creatures, and `The Ozolith` should not move all stored counters onto a carrier that is about to be removed when waiting is legal and safer.

## Sideboard Map

- Sideboard principle: keep the counter engine intact unless the opposing deck demands a narrow answer. `Hardened Scales`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `The Ozolith`, and `Urza's Saga` are the deck's pressure and conversion core; sideboarding should change the interaction shell, protection density, or artifact tutor package without making hands unable to grow counters.

- `Dismember` comes in against creature decks where one opposing creature changes combat, blocks poison, races constructs, or enables a creature-combo line. It is strongest when killing a blocker lets `Inkmoth Nexus` or a modular carrier connect, when an opposing threat is larger than `Walking Ballista` can answer efficiently, or when instant-speed removal breaks up a visible attack or activation turn. It is bad when the life payment materially loses the race, when the opponent has few creatures, or when the main issue is a noncreature permanent.

- `Nature's Claim` comes in against artifact and enchantment permanents that stop counters, combat, graveyard use, or Saga pressure. Treat the opponent's 4 life as a real cost but not a reason to refuse the spell when the target prevents lethal poison, locks combat, invalidates `Walking Ballista`, or threatens a faster kill. It is weak against decks with few legal artifact/enchantment targets, and it becomes riskier when the plan is purely damage-based rather than poison or overwhelming counters.

- `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` comes in when the opponent's primary interaction is targeted removal, destroy effects, or damage-based answers to a single loaded permanent. Use it to preserve a counter carrier, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `The Ozolith`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `Urza's Saga`, or animated `Inkmoth Nexus` when the rules engine exposes a legal target. It is bad against edicts, exile without targeting, sacrifice, counterspells, hand disruption, and sweepers that do not care about hexproof or indestructible.

- `Pithing Needle` comes in against activated abilities from planeswalkers, creature-lands, artifact engines, sacrifice outlets, and combo permanents. It is especially valuable because `Urza's Saga` can search it when the matchup requires a named-answer artifact. It is bad when the opposing threats are mostly spells, triggered abilities, static abilities, or unknown names; do not name blindly unless the legal game state or known deck context makes one activated ability the clear problem.

- `Grafdigger's Cage` comes in against graveyard-cast, library-cast, or creature-entering-from-library/graveyard plans when its text matches the opposing route. Prefer it when it slows the opponent without blocking your own main counter engine. It is bad when the opponent only uses the graveyard as a resource count, when exile-based graveyard hate is needed immediately, or when the opponent can ignore the restriction and win through board combat.

- `Haywire Mite` comes in when a searchable artifact body with an exile answer to a noncreature artifact or noncreature enchantment is better than a one-shot spell. It is strong with `Urza's Saga` because it can be found as a small artifact target, then held until the permanent matters. It is bad against creature-heavy boards, against targets it cannot legally exile, or when the extra mana and activation window are too slow.

- `Tormod's Crypt` comes in when immediate graveyard exile is more important than a static restriction. It is best against decks that commit many cards to the graveyard before a payoff and against lines where the pilot can wait until the opponent invests resources. It is bad when a single graveyard card must be stopped before costs are paid, when the opponent can rebuild easily, or when `Grafdigger's Cage` more directly blocks the route.

- `The Stone Brain` comes in against low-redundancy combo, single-card engines, or decks where removing all copies of one named nonland card changes the matchup. It is a slower plan, so use it when the deck can survive long enough or when `Arcbound Ravager`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, and `Urza's Saga` already supply pressure. It is bad against broad fair decks, unknown card-name situations, and games where spending four total mana without changing the battlefield loses the race.

Creature-combo or must-kill creature plan
Side in: 3 Dismember; 2 Pithing Needle
Cut: 2 Welding Jar; 2 Patchwork Automaton; 1 The Ozolith

Artifact/enchantment hate plan
Side in: 3 Nature's Claim; 1 Haywire Mite
Cut: 2 Patchwork Automaton; 1 The Ozolith; 1 Agatha's Soul Cauldron

Graveyard-engine plan
Side in: 2 Grafdigger's Cage; 1 Tormod's Crypt
Cut: 2 Welding Jar; 1 Patchwork Automaton

Removal-heavy fair plan
Side in: 2 Tamiyo's Safekeeping; 2 Pithing Needle
Cut: 2 Patchwork Automaton; 1 Agatha's Soul Cauldron; 1 The Ozolith

Low-redundancy combo plan
Side in: 1 The Stone Brain; 2 Pithing Needle; 1 Tormod's Crypt
Cut: 2 Welding Jar; 1 Agatha's Soul Cauldron; 1 Patchwork Automaton

- Against creature pressure, add role cards: `Dismember` for immediate blockers, combo creatures, and attackers that invalidate modular combat. Reduce main-deck emphasis: slow duplicate engine pieces and protection that does not answer the battlefield. Keep enough cheap artifacts for `Arcbound Ravager`, `Urza's Saga`, `The Ozolith`, and construct sizing.

- Against artifact or enchantment prison, add role cards: `Nature's Claim` and `Haywire Mite` for permanents that stop attacks, counters, or activated abilities. Reduce main-deck emphasis: slower threats that do not answer the lock. Prefer `Haywire Mite` when `Urza's Saga` can search it and the target is noncreature; prefer `Nature's Claim` when mana efficiency matters now.

- Against graveyard decks, add role cards: `Grafdigger's Cage` when the opponent is trying to cast from graveyard/library or put creatures onto the battlefield from graveyard/library, and `Tormod's Crypt` when a full graveyard must be exiled at a chosen moment. Reduce main-deck emphasis: narrow protection and the slowest redundant counter engine card. Do not fire `Tormod's Crypt` before the opponent has committed graveyard resources unless the visible next action would use them.

- Against targeted removal, add role cards: `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` to protect one loaded permanent and `Pithing Needle` when a known activated ability threatens the engine. Reduce main-deck emphasis: extra slow bodies rather than counter multipliers. Avoid all-in `Arcbound Ravager` sacrifices until protection is available or the opponent is tapped below visible interaction.

- Against spell combo or big mana, add role cards: `The Stone Brain` for a known central nonland card and `Pithing Needle` for activated permanent routes. Reduce main-deck emphasis: protection that only fights creature removal. Keep the fastest clock; a turn spent naming with `The Stone Brain` is acceptable only if the expected named card matters more than another counter or attack that turn.

## Matchup Guidance

- Aggro decks: Race by building one oversized counter carrier while leaving a real blocker when the opponent can present lethal on the next combat. `Hangarback Walker`, `Arcbound Worker`, and `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp` are the best early bodies because they convert trades into counters, while `Walking Ballista` becomes removal only after it can kill a creature without abandoning the main clock. Add role cards: `Dismember` for creatures that outsize modular combat or enable lethal attacks. Reduce main-deck emphasis: the slowest redundant engine pieces when the opponent forces immediate board interaction.

- Control decks: Commit threats in waves instead of putting every counter onto one permanent before the opponent spends exile, bounce, counterspell, or sweeper interaction. `Urza's Saga`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `The Ozolith`, and `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire` are important because they pressure from different card types and make post-sweeper recovery real. Add role cards: `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` against targeted destroy or damage effects, `Pithing Needle` against visible activated abilities, and `The Stone Brain` only when a known nonland card is central enough to justify spending mana without adding power. Reduce main-deck emphasis: creature-only redundancy when the game will hinge on resilient pressure and one protected lethal window.

- Combo decks: Choose the fastest credible kill unless a sideboard card directly interrupts the revealed combo route. `Inkmoth Nexus` plus counter multiplication is often the cleanest clock because poison ignores life gain, but do not animate `Inkmoth Nexus` into open removal unless the attack is worth risking a land. Add role cards: `The Stone Brain` for a known low-redundancy nonland card, `Pithing Needle` for activated-permanent combo routes, `Grafdigger's Cage` when the route uses graveyard/library casting or creature entry from those zones, and `Tormod's Crypt` when timed graveyard exile is the correct disruption. Reduce main-deck emphasis: `Welding Jar` and slower bodies when they do not interact with the combo or shorten the clock.

- Tempo decks: Force the opponent to answer cheap permanents before committing the lethal carrier. `Hardened Scales`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, and `Urza's Saga` strain one-for-one interaction, while `Welding Jar` and `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` are strongest when protecting the permanent that already carries counters or will receive modular counters. Avoid spending the turn on a large `Walking Ballista` if the opponent can counter it and keep attacking; use smaller threats plus `The Ozolith` to preserve material through removal.

- Midrange decks: Treat every removal spell as a resource trade, not as a reason to stop advancing the engine. `The Ozolith` punishes creature removal, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire` turns small creatures into real threats, and `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` can matter when graveyards and counters make activated abilities relevant. Add role cards: `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` for targeted interaction, `Pithing Needle` for known planeswalker or creature-land abilities, and `Dismember` when a single creature blocks all pressure. Reduce main-deck emphasis: the least immediate threat card, not the counter multipliers that make every topdeck dangerous.

- Big mana decks: Prioritize speed and disruptive naming over incremental board control. `Ancient Stirrings` should look for the piece that completes a fast clock: `Hardened Scales`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Urza's Saga`, `The Ozolith`, or `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire` depending on the hand. Add role cards: `The Stone Brain` for a known payoff or engine card, `Pithing Needle` for activated permanent routes, and `Nature's Claim` or `Haywire Mite` only when the opposing permanent is actually an artifact or enchantment that changes the race. Reduce main-deck emphasis: protection that only beats creature removal.

- Graveyard decks: Match the hate card to the graveyard route instead of treating all hate as interchangeable. `Grafdigger's Cage` is for stopping casting from graveyard/library or creatures entering from graveyard/library; `Tormod's Crypt` is for exiling a built graveyard at the chosen moment; `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` is your own graveyard-scaling card and may become worse if graveyard hate must be maximized. Do not spend `Tormod's Crypt` before the opponent commits graveyard resources unless the visible next legal action would use them immediately.

- Artifact/enchantment decks: Answer the permanent that prevents counters, attacks, activated abilities, or lethal math before spending resources on generic development. Add role cards: `Nature's Claim` for efficient artifact/enchantment removal and `Haywire Mite` when `Urza's Saga` can find a body that later exiles a noncreature artifact or noncreature enchantment. `Boseiju, Who Endures` can answer qualifying permanents or lands, but the opponent getting a land can matter against big mana and control. Reduce main-deck emphasis: slow threats that do not interact with the lock or race.

- Go-wide decks: Build a carrier that attacks through the board or convert the board into counters before blockers make small combat irrelevant. `Walking Ballista` can pick off small creatures when enough counters remain to matter, `Hangarback Walker` creates flying Thopter tokens after dying, and `Arcbound Ravager` turns blocked artifacts into one large threat. Add role cards: `Dismember` only for the creature that makes the go-wide board lethal or invalidates attacks; do not spend it on a random small body when modular combat already handles that body.

- Single-threat decks: Identify whether the threat must be killed, bypassed with poison, or raced with a larger counter carrier. `Dismember` is the cleanest answer to many creature threats, `Pithing Needle` handles activated abilities rather than static or triggered text, and `Walking Ballista` can finish damaged or low-toughness creatures when counters are available. If the single threat has evasion and creates a lethal clock, preserve an `Inkmoth Nexus` block only when blocking is legal and better than a poison race.

- Burn decks: Protect life total without forgetting that the deck still wins by pressure. `Grove of the Burnwillows` giving the opponent life matters less when `Inkmoth Nexus` is the kill, but it can delay damage-based `Walking Ballista` lines. Add role cards: `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` when targeted removal or damage threatens the loaded permanent and the life gain changes survival math; consider `Nature's Claim` only when it has a real artifact/enchantment target and the life swing is worth destroying that object. Reduce main-deck emphasis: slow nonblocking engines when the opening hand lacks early board presence.

- Removal-heavy decks: Make removal bad by splitting value across permanents, counters, lands, and artifacts. `The Ozolith` is the most important punishment card, `Welding Jar` protects artifacts from destroy effects, `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` protects one legal permanent from targeted interaction, and `Urza's Saga` continues producing threats through creature removal. Avoid all-in `Arcbound Ravager` sacrifices until the opponent is tapped low, the protection spell is available, or the sacrificed counters create immediate lethal or unavoidable survival.

- Creature-land combat decks: Respect opposing creature-lands while using `Inkmoth Nexus` as both a lethal poison threat and an emergency blocker. `Pithing Needle` is valuable when a known activated land ability dominates combat, and `Dismember` can answer an animated creature-land only while it is a legal creature target. Do not animate `Inkmoth Nexus` just because mana is available; animate when it attacks profitably, blocks a necessary threat, receives counters for a planned kill, or must carry counters before a visible timing window closes.

## Specific Matchup Notes

- General/archetype-only: Revealed cards override every matchup assumption, because this guide has no exact opponent decklists. Use the first visible lands, threats, graveyard actions, and interaction windows to decide whether the game is a race, a resource fight, or a hate-card check.

- General/archetype-only aggressive creature decks: Stabilize with early artifacts, then turn combat into one large counter carrier. Priority targets are creatures that make blocking impossible, creatures that create immediate lethal pressure, and removal windows aimed at the permanent holding counters. Add role cards: `Dismember` for a creature that changes combat math, `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` for a loaded permanent under targeted interaction, and `Nature's Claim` only when an artifact or enchantment is actually driving the pressure. Reduce main-deck emphasis: slow engine pieces when the hand already lacks blockers or a fast `Inkmoth Nexus` poison plan.

- General/archetype-only removal midrange: Do not overcommit counters onto a single creature unless `The Ozolith`, `Welding Jar`, `Tamiyo's Safekeeping`, or immediate lethal changes the exchange. Priority targets are planeswalkers or creatures that blank attacks, and the priority permanent to protect is usually the one receiving modular counters from `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, or `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`. Add role cards: `Tamiyo's Safekeeping`, `Pithing Needle` for known activated permanents, and `Dismember` when one blocker dominates combat.

- General/archetype-only artifact or enchantment lock decks: Remove the permanent that stops attacking, counters, activated abilities, or sacrifice math before building a larger board. Priority targets are qualifying artifacts or enchantments that prevent `Walking Ballista`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Urza's Saga`, or counter replacement effects from functioning. Add role cards: `Nature's Claim`, `Haywire Mite`, and `Boseiju, Who Endures` from the main deck when its channel action is legal and the land drawback is acceptable.

- General/archetype-only graveyard decks: Choose graveyard interaction by route, not by habit. `Grafdigger's Cage` is strongest when the opponent is trying to cast from graveyard/library or put creatures onto the battlefield from graveyard/library; `Tormod's Crypt` is strongest after the opponent has committed graveyard material but before a visible legal action converts it. Priority targets are graveyard engines that beat a normal counter race. Reduce main-deck emphasis: `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` only when maximizing graveyard hate matters more than your own counter and activated-ability scaling.

- General/archetype-only spell combo and big mana: Race first, disrupt only when the hate card maps to a visible route. Priority targets are the named payoff for `The Stone Brain`, activated permanents for `Pithing Needle`, and artifact/enchantment engines for `Nature's Claim` or `Haywire Mite`. Keep `Ancient Stirrings` focused on `Hardened Scales`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Urza's Saga`, `The Ozolith`, or `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire` rather than generic material.

- General/archetype-only creature-land mirrors: Treat `Inkmoth Nexus` as a threat, blocker, and counter carrier, not as automatic mana-sink animation. Priority targets are opposing activated lands when `Pithing Needle` can name them from revealed information, and animated creature-lands only while they are legal targets for `Dismember` or damage. Do not animate `Inkmoth Nexus` into removal unless the poison attack, block, or counter-transfer window is worth the risk.

## Risk Summary

- Mana risk: This list has only `Forest`, `Grove of the Burnwillows`, `Llanowar Reborn`, `Urza's Saga`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, and `Boseiju, Who Endures` as lands, so colorless-heavy or tapped-land draws can fail to cast `Hardened Scales`, `Ancient Stirrings`, `Nature's Claim`, or `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` on time.

- Matchup risk: Fast combo and big mana can ignore creature combat if the deck spends early turns on slow counters instead of a lethal `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Walking Ballista`, or `Arcbound Ravager` line.

- Draw risk: Hands with only payoffs, only protection, or only counter storage can look functional but fail without an early creature, `Hardened Scales`, `Ancient Stirrings`, or `Urza's Saga`.

- Over-sideboarding risk: Boarding in too many `Dismember`, `Nature's Claim`, `Pithing Needle`, `Grafdigger's Cage`, `Haywire Mite`, `Tormod's Crypt`, `The Stone Brain`, or `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` can remove the artifact density and counter pressure that make the deck lethal.

- Graveyard risk: `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` and opposing graveyard plans create conflicting incentives; do not weaken your own engine with graveyard hate unless the opponent's graveyard route is visible or strongly implied.

- Sweeper/removal risk: All-in `Arcbound Ravager` sacrifices are punished when counters move to a creature that can be exiled, bounced, sacrificed, or killed without `The Ozolith` or protection available.

- Closer risk: Damage kills with `Walking Ballista` are delayed by opposing life gain, including life from `Grove of the Burnwillows`, while poison kills through `Inkmoth Nexus` fail if the land is removed before counters connect.

- Interaction risk: `Welding Jar` only protects artifacts from destroy effects, `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` requires a legal permanent target, and `Pithing Needle` answers activated abilities rather than triggered or static abilities.

- Sequencing risk: Counter replacement and modular trigger ordering are the deck's edge-case core; validate Forge-visible replacement effects, trigger choices, and counter movement before claiming a line is deterministic.

## Test Feedback Checklist

- Deciding factor: Record the exact axis that decided the game: `Hardened Scales` acceleration, `Urza's Saga` pressure, `Inkmoth Nexus` poison, `Walking Ballista` damage, `Arcbound Ravager` modular sacrifice math, `The Ozolith` counter storage, or failure to assemble a carrier plus counters.

- Mulligan quality: Mark whether the opener had green mana for `Hardened Scales` or `Ancient Stirrings`, an early artifact creature, and either engine pressure or selection. Flag hands that kept payoffs with no carrier, protection with no threat, or tapped/colorless lands that delayed the first relevant spell.

- Mana performance: Note whether `Llanowar Reborn`, `Urza's Saga`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Boseiju, Who Endures`, `Grove of the Burnwillows`, and `Forest` produced the needed colors and timing. Track losses where `Grove of the Burnwillows` life mattered, `Llanowar Reborn` entering tapped delayed development, or `Inkmoth Nexus` had to choose between mana and combat.

- Velocity check: Count how often `Ancient Stirrings` found the needed card type and whether misses came from threat-light hands, too many sideboard cards, or choosing a slow engine over an immediate kill setup.

- Engine check: Record whether `Hardened Scales`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, `The Ozolith`, and `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` changed lethal math or sat stranded. If an engine piece was ignored by the opponent, note whether the pilot converted it into a faster `Walking Ballista`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, or modular kill.

- Counter movement check: Review every `Arcbound Ravager`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp`, `Hangarback Walker`, and `The Ozolith` sequence for legal trigger ordering, visible target choice, and whether counters moved to the correct threat instead of a removable or irrelevant permanent.

- Removal and protection check: Mark whether `Dismember`, `Nature's Claim`, `Haywire Mite`, `Boseiju, Who Endures`, `Welding Jar`, and `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` were held for the right window. Flag protection used on low-value permanents while the real counter carrier or `Urza's Saga` line remained exposed.

- Sideboard check: For each match, list which sideboard cards entered and whether each mapped to a visible route: `Pithing Needle` to an activated ability, `Grafdigger's Cage` or `Tormod's Crypt` to graveyard/library cheating, `The Stone Brain` to a named payoff, and `Nature's Claim` or `Haywire Mite` to artifacts/enchantments.

- Closing check: Identify whether the pilot chose the right kill route: poison through `Inkmoth Nexus`, damage through `Walking Ballista`, combat through large artifact creatures, or delayed counter storage through `The Ozolith`. Flag games where the deck gave the opponent an extra turn despite a visible lethal or near-lethal counter line.

- Role check: Mark whether the deck correctly played as aggressor, engine deck, or protected threat deck. Flag games where it sideboarded or sequenced like control while lacking enough interaction to prolong the game.

- Mistake check: Record illegal assumptions, missed triggers, poor sacrifice choices, premature `Inkmoth Nexus` animation, overloading one permanent into open interaction, and any Forge uncertainty around replacement effects, modular, or counter-doubling.

- Card performance check: List stranded cards, overperformers, and underperformers by exact name, especially `Patchwork Automaton`, `Agatha's Soul Cauldron`, `Welding Jar`, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire`, and each sideboard card.

## First Tuning Questions

- Quantity question: Are 3 `The Ozolith` plus 3 `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire` producing too many engine-only draws, or does the deck need that density to recover from removal and convert modular counters?

- Threat-density question: Do 2 `Patchwork Automaton` improve grindy games enough, or should those slots become more protection, selection, or another proactive artifact threat if the card is often stranded or too slow?

- Cauldron question: Is 2 `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` a real engine in this list, or does it conflict with opposing graveyard hate plans and dilute fast `Hardened Scales` starts?

- Mana question: Do 4 `Llanowar Reborn` cause too many tempo losses, or does graft reliably justify the tapped-land cost with `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Arcbound Ravager`, and `Inkmoth Nexus`?

- Color question: Are 2 `Forest` and 4 `Grove of the Burnwillows` enough for early green spells after sideboarding into `Nature's Claim` and `Tamiyo's Safekeeping`, especially when `Urza's Saga` and `Inkmoth Nexus` occupy land slots?

- Aggro-plan question: Against fast creature decks, is 3 `Dismember` enough interaction, or does the deck need more cheap removal without cutting too much artifact and counter density?

- Control-plan question: Against removal-heavy decks, are 2 `Welding Jar` and 2 `Tamiyo's Safekeeping` enough protection, or should the list shift toward more resilient threats and fewer slow engines?

- Closer question: Are games being lost because `Walking Ballista` kills are too slow after opponent life gain from `Grove of the Burnwillows`, and should the deck lean harder into `Inkmoth Nexus` poison lines?

- Sideboard-slot question: Are `Grafdigger's Cage`, `Tormod's Crypt`, and `The Stone Brain` covering distinct enough matchups, or is one graveyard/combo slot underperforming relative to more artifact/enchantment interaction?

- Role-conflict question: Does boarding multiple `Dismember`, `Nature's Claim`, `Pithing Needle`, `Grafdigger's Cage`, `Haywire Mite`, `Tormod's Crypt`, and `The Stone Brain` reduce the core engine below functional density?

- Rules-support question: Did Forge correctly expose counter replacement, modular triggers, `The Ozolith` storage, `Ozolith, the Shattered Spire` choices, and `Urza's Saga` chapter/tutor actions? Treat any mismatch as a validation blocker before tuning card quantities.

## Veles Tactical Policy

### Policy: Keep Engine-Plus-Carrier Openers
- Priority: High
- Decision families: mulligan
- Cards: Hardened Scales; Ancient Stirrings; Arcbound Worker; Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp; Walking Ballista; Hangarback Walker; Inkmoth Nexus; Urza's Saga
- Phase windows: opening hand, mulligan decisions, pregame
- Runtime cues: opening_hand; mulligan_available
- Use when: the hand has green access or `Ancient Stirrings`, plus an early artifact creature or `Urza's Saga`, plus a counter payoff or selection path.
- Avoid when: the hand has only engines, only protection, no early threat, or mana that cannot cast the first relevant spell on time.
- Instructions: Prefer hands that create a permanent before turn two and make counters matter by turn three. Do not keep slow piles because they contain multiple legends or protection without a carrier.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 2
- No-API allowed: no
- Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Establish The First Counter Multiplier
- Priority: Medium
- Decision families: mana; priority
- Cards: Hardened Scales; Ozolith, the Shattered Spire; Llanowar Reborn; Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp
- Phase windows: turns 1-3 main phases, precombat main phase
- Runtime cues: action:cast Hardened Scales; action:cast Ozolith, the Shattered Spire; action:play Llanowar Reborn
- Use when: a multiplier can be deployed before casting or growing `Walking Ballista`, `Hangarback Walker`, `Arcbound Worker`, `Patchwork Automaton`, or animating `Inkmoth Nexus`.
- Avoid when: delaying the first body gives up board presence against lethal pressure or leaves mana unused with no future payoff.
- Instructions: Front-load `Hardened Scales` when mana permits. Treat `Llanowar Reborn` as tempo-costly setup, not a turn-one untapped green source.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 2
- No-API allowed: no
- Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Sequence Mana For Green And Activated Lands
- Priority: Medium
- Decision families: mana
- Cards: Forest; Grove of the Burnwillows; Boseiju, Who Endures; Urza's Saga; Inkmoth Nexus; Llanowar Reborn
- Phase windows: land play, main phases, combat setup
- Runtime cues: action:play Forest; action:play Grove of the Burnwillows; action:play Urza's Saga; action:play Inkmoth Nexus
- Use when: choosing a land drop or tapping lands for early development.
- Avoid when: using `Inkmoth Nexus` as mana prevents a selected poison attack or using `Grove of the Burnwillows` life changes immediate lethal math.
- Instructions: Preserve green access for `Hardened Scales`, `Ancient Stirrings`, `Nature's Claim`, and `Tamiyo's Safekeeping`. Count `Urza's Saga` and `Inkmoth Nexus` as threats as well as lands.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 2
- No-API allowed: no
- Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Ancient Stirrings Selects Missing Function
- Priority: Medium
- Decision families: selection
- Cards: Ancient Stirrings; Hardened Scales; The Ozolith; Ozolith, the Shattered Spire; Arcbound Ravager; Walking Ballista; Hangarback Walker; Inkmoth Nexus; Urza's Saga; Welding Jar; Agatha's Soul Cauldron; Patchwork Automaton
- Phase windows: main phases before committing mana
- Runtime cues: action:select Ancient Stirrings
- Use when: `Ancient Stirrings` reveals artifact, colorless, or land options that fill the current missing role.
- Avoid when: choosing another slow engine while lacking any carrier, clock, or mana to deploy it.
- Instructions: Prioritize the card that completes the visible plan: carrier, counter engine, `Inkmoth Nexus` kill, `Urza's Saga` pressure, protection, or `Walking Ballista` reach.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 3
- No-API allowed: no
- Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Urza's Saga Is A Threat Commitment
- Priority: Medium
- Decision families: mana; selection; priority
- Cards: Urza's Saga; Welding Jar; The Ozolith; Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp; Walking Ballista; Hangarback Walker
- Phase windows: land play, Saga chapter triggers, main phases
- Runtime cues: action:chapter Urza's Saga; action:search Urza's Saga
- Use when: `Urza's Saga` can produce Constructs, find a registered low-cost artifact hit exposed by the rules engine, or force the opponent to answer multiple bodies.
- Avoid when: sacrificing tempo to `Urza's Saga` leaves no green spell path and the matchup demands immediate interaction.
- Instructions: Treat chapter timing and search legality as engine-owned. Choose the artifact that supports the board: protection with `Welding Jar`, counter storage with `The Ozolith`, threat access with legal zero- or one-mana artifact options.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 3
- No-API allowed: no
- Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Arcbound Ravager Sacrifice Gate
- Priority: High
- Decision families: priority; combat
- Cards: Arcbound Ravager; Arcbound Worker; Hangarback Walker; Walking Ballista; The Ozolith; Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp; Inkmoth Nexus; Urza's Saga; Welding Jar
- Phase windows: combat damage setup, removal response, end step before lethal
- Runtime cues: action:activate Arcbound Ravager
- Use when: sacrificing artifacts creates lethal, saves counters from removal through modular or `The Ozolith`, or converts expendable material into a protected carrier.
- Avoid when: the sacrifice consumes essential mana, removes the only blocker under lethal pressure, or puts all counters onto a target exposed to visible interaction.
- Instructions: Do not sacrifice artifact lands or engine pieces casually. Commit only after checking modular targets, `The Ozolith` storage, poison math, and whether waiting preserves more lines.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 4
- No-API allowed: no
- Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Modular And Ozolith Target Choice
- Priority: High
- Decision families: priority; selection
- Cards: Arcbound Ravager; Arcbound Worker; Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp; The Ozolith; Walking Ballista; Hangarback Walker; Inkmoth Nexus; Patchwork Automaton
- Phase windows: death triggers, beginning of combat, trigger ordering
- Runtime cues: action:target Arcbound Ravager; action:target Inkmoth Nexus; action:target Walking Ballista; action:move counters
- Use when: the rules engine exposes modular, counter storage, or counter movement choices.
- Avoid when: the intended recipient is not a legal target, is no longer a creature, or is visibly worse because it cannot attack, block, or convert counters this turn.
- Instructions: Put counters on the carrier that wins or survives the current exchange. Validate `Inkmoth Nexus` creature status before targeting it with modular.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 4
- No-API allowed: no
- Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Walking Ballista Exact Lethal
- Priority: High
- Decision families: interaction; priority
- Cards: Walking Ballista
- Phase windows: main phases, combat, opponent end step, stack response
- Runtime cues: action:target opponent Walking Ballista
- Use when: `Walking Ballista` has enough removable +1/+1 counters to deal lethal damage to the opponent and no visible prevention, redirection, or protection changes that math.
- Avoid when: removing counters prevents lethal, a required target is not legal, or visible stack objects can invalidate the kill.
- Instructions: Execute the opponent-targeting damage line once lethal is visible from public counters and legal action text. Do not spend lethal counters on creatures first unless survival requires it.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 2
- No-API allowed: yes
- Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Walking Ballista Board Control
- Priority: Medium
- Decision families: interaction; priority
- Cards: Walking Ballista
- Phase windows: combat, main phases, removal response
- Runtime cues: action:target Walking Ballista
- Use when: damage can remove a creature that blocks lethal, threatens lethal, or disrupts the counter engine.
- Avoid when: firing counters leaves no threat and does not change combat, poison, or survival math.
- Instructions: Preserve counters unless the target materially changes the next combat or protects the main carrier. Damage marks creatures; it does not shrink power or toughness.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 3
- No-API allowed: no
- Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Inkmoth Nexus Poison Commitment
- Priority: High
- Decision families: mana; combat; priority
- Cards: Inkmoth Nexus; Hardened Scales; The Ozolith; Ozolith, the Shattered Spire; Arcbound Ravager; Llanowar Reborn; Zabaz, the Glimmerwasp
- Phase windows: beginning of combat, declare attackers, pump windows
- Runtime cues: action:activate Inkmoth Nexus; action:attack with Inkmoth Nexus
- Use when: poison damage plus visible counter movement can threaten lethal or force a poor block.
- Avoid when: animating `Inkmoth Nexus` spends needed mana, exposes the only carrier before protection is available, or prevents casting a higher-impact spell.
- Instructions: Treat `Inkmoth Nexus` as the cleanest closer against high life totals. Animate only with a plan for counters, protection, or immediate pressure.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 4
- No-API allowed: no
- Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Preserve Protection For The Real Carrier
- Priority: Medium
- Decision families: interaction; priority
- Cards: Welding Jar; Tamiyo's Safekeeping
- Phase windows: removal response, combat trick windows, stack response
- Runtime cues: action:activate Welding Jar; action:cast Tamiyo's Safekeeping
- Use when: the protected permanent is the current lethal carrier, counter bank, `Urza's Saga` payoff, or only engine that keeps the game functional.
- Avoid when: protecting a replaceable small artifact leaves `Walking Ballista`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `The Ozolith`, or a decisive Construct exposed.
- Instructions: Spend protection on the permanent that preserves lethal or survival. Do not assume protection answers sacrifice, exile, edict, or non-targeted effects unless legal text confirms it.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 3
- No-API allowed: no
- Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Sideboard Artifact And Enchantment Answers
- Priority: Medium
- Decision families: sideboard; interaction
- Cards: Nature's Claim; Haywire Mite; Boseiju, Who Endures
- Phase windows: sideboarding, main phases, opponent end step, channel windows
- Runtime cues: action:cast Nature's Claim; action:activate Haywire Mite; action:channel Boseiju, Who Endures
- Use when: a visible artifact, enchantment, or legal `Boseiju, Who Endures` target blocks the engine, prevents attacks, or represents a faster opposing kill.
- Avoid when: spending removal on a low-impact permanent costs the turn needed to present lethal.
- Instructions: Use these cards for lock pieces and high-impact hate before minor value targets. Account for `Nature's Claim` life gain before choosing damage versus poison routes.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 3
- No-API allowed: no
- Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Dismember Removes Race-Critical Creatures
- Priority: Medium
- Decision families: interaction
- Cards: Dismember
- Phase windows: combat, main phases, opponent attack setup
- Runtime cues: action:cast Dismember
- Use when: a visible creature stops lethal, creates lethal against you, or invalidates the main counter carrier.
- Avoid when: the life payment creates opposing lethal or the target can be beaten by blocking, racing, or `Walking Ballista` counters.
- Instructions: Treat life as a real resource. Use `Dismember` for creatures that change the clock, not for convenience trades.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 3
- No-API allowed: no
- Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Graveyard And Library-Hate Deployment
- Priority: Medium
- Decision families: sideboard; priority
- Cards: Grafdigger's Cage; Tormod's Crypt; Agatha's Soul Cauldron
- Phase windows: sideboarding, early main phases, response before graveyard costs are paid
- Runtime cues: action:cast Grafdigger's Cage; action:activate Tormod's Crypt; action:activate Agatha's Soul Cauldron
- Use when: opponent public zones or matchup role show graveyard or library-cast reliance, or `Agatha's Soul Cauldron` can exile a relevant creature card under legal text.
- Avoid when: deploying hate instead of a clock gives the opponent time and no visible graveyard/library route is active.
- Instructions: Exile graveyards before flashback, escape, delve, or similar costs are paid. Do not describe `Tormod's Crypt` as artifact removal; it is graveyard hate.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 3
- No-API allowed: no
- Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Needle And Stone Brain Naming Gate
- Priority: High
- Decision families: sideboard; selection
- Cards: Pithing Needle; The Stone Brain
- Phase windows: sideboarding, main phases before opponent payoff turn
- Runtime cues: action:name Pithing Needle; action:name The Stone Brain
- Use when: public information, matchup identity, or revealed cards identify a specific activated ability or nonland payoff that must be constrained.
- Avoid when: no card name is known with confidence or the named card does not match the legal effect being used.
- Instructions: Route naming through reasoning, not no-API string matching. `Pithing Needle` is for activated abilities; `The Stone Brain` is for named-card extraction under its legal restrictions.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 4
- No-API allowed: no
- Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Do Not Overboard Below Engine Density
- Priority: Medium
- Decision families: sideboard; mulligan
- Cards: Dismember; Nature's Claim; Tamiyo's Safekeeping; Pithing Needle; Grafdigger's Cage; Haywire Mite; Tormod's Crypt; The Stone Brain; Hardened Scales; Arcbound Ravager; Walking Ballista; Inkmoth Nexus; Urza's Saga
- Phase windows: sideboarding, opening hand after sideboard
- Runtime cues: sideboard_phase; opening_hand
- Use when: adding multiple hate or protection cards after game one.
- Avoid when: cuts remove too many carriers, counter multipliers, or closing lands.
- Instructions: Keep enough core pressure to win. Sideboard cards should buy time for `Hardened Scales`, `Arcbound Ravager`, `Walking Ballista`, `Inkmoth Nexus`, or `Urza's Saga`, not replace the deck's engine.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 3
- No-API allowed: no
- Light-model allowed: yes

### Policy: Pass Priority When No Legal Gain Exists
- Priority: Low
- Decision families: priority
- Cards: none
- Phase windows: upkeep, draw step, end step, empty-stack priority
- Runtime cues: action:pass priority
- Use when: no legal action advances mana, combat, protection, counter movement, selection, or interaction this window.
- Avoid when: a visible trigger, lethal action, removal response, or protection action is pending.
- Instructions: Pass cleanly through empty windows. Do not animate `Inkmoth Nexus`, sacrifice artifacts, or spend protection just because priority is available.
- Pilot skill floor: Level 1
- No-API allowed: yes
- Light-model allowed: yes
